3种有机无机肥配施对西瓜氮、钾养分吸收以及产量和品质的影响

[目的]研究3种有机无机肥配施对西瓜氮、钾吸收以及产量和品质的影响,探讨氮、钾营养与西瓜品质的关系。[方法]以‘西瓜8424’品种为试验材料进行田间试验,有机肥种类为豆粕有机肥、猪粪秸秆有机肥、羊粪,其氮、磷、钾含量用无机肥调节一致。[结果]与豆粕有机肥处理和猪粪秸秆有机肥处理相比,施用羊粪时西瓜产量分别提高了19.1%和9.4%;与猪粪秸秆有机肥处理相比,施用羊粪和豆粕有机肥时西瓜维生素C含量显著增加,分别提高59.4%和35.6%;施用豆粕有机肥时西瓜的糖酸比最高,可溶性糖含量较猪粪秸秆有机肥处理提高了25.2%,可滴定酸含量比羊粪处理降低了30.3%。与羊粪处理和豆粕有机肥处理相比,施用猪粪秸秆有机肥降低了膨大期和成熟期西瓜瓜瓤和瓜皮中的氮含量;施用羊粪时,西瓜幼果期、膨大期和成熟期的氮、钾吸收量较高,各个时期的氮、钾吸收量与西瓜植株生物量呈正相关关系。[结论]施用羊粪能够提高西瓜产量,但同时促进了氮素吸收及其向果实中的分配,提高了西瓜的可滴定酸含量;施用豆粕有机肥能够提高西瓜可溶性糖含量和糖酸比,降低可滴定酸含量。
[Objectives]To investigate the effects of three organic and inorganic fertilizers combined application on absorption of potassium and nitrogen, yield and quality of watermelon, and explore the relationship between nitrogen, potassium nutrition and quality of watermelon.[Methods] ‘8424’ variety of watermelon was used as materials to carry out field experiment. Three organic and inorganic fertilizers combinations were soybean meal compost, pig manure/straw compost and sheep mature. These combined fertilizers had equal N, P, K content, which were regulated by inorganic fertilizer. [Results]Compared with soybean meal compost fertilizer and pig manure/straw compost fertilizer, application of sheep mature increased watermelon yield by 19.1% and 9.4%, respectively. Compared with pig manure/straw compost fertilizer, application of sheep mature and soybean meal compost significantly improved vitamin C contents by 59.4% and 35.6%, respectively. The ratio of sugar to acid in watermelon of soybean meal compost application was the highest. The soluble sugar content in watermelon was 25.2% higher in soybean meal compost application than that in pig manure/straw compost application. The titratable acid content in watermelon was 30.3% lower in soybean meal compost application than that in sheep mature fertilization. Nitrogen content in melon pulp and rinds in pig manure/straw compost fertilization was lower than that in application of sheep mature and soybean meal compost at expanding period and mature period. The absorption of nitrogen and potassium in sheep mature application was higher than that in other combined fertilizations at young fruit period, expanding period and mature period. The biomass of watermelon was positively correlated with absorption of nitrogen and potassium. [Conclusions]Sheep mature application increased watermelon yield, promoted absorption and translocation of nitrogen to fruit, and increased the titratable acid content in watermelon. Soybean meal compost fertilization improved watermelon soluble sugar content and the ratio of sugar to acid, decreased watermelon titratable