[目的]研究不同肥料运筹方式对油菜抗冻性和产量的影响,为指导油菜高效施肥、抗冻和增产提供参考依据.[方法]在油菜全生育期磷、钾肥施用总量一定的条件下,设置基肥和苗肥中不同比例的磷、钾肥施用量处理.[结果]与所有磷、钾肥均在基肥中施入的处理(CK)相比,基肥中施入150 kg？hm-2磷肥和90 kg？hm-2钾肥(T1)、施入75 kg？hm-2磷肥和180 kg？hm-2钾肥(T2)以及施入75 kg？hm-2磷肥和90 kg？hm-2钾肥(T3)处理的苗期油菜叶片中,过氧化氢酶活性、脯氨酸含量、叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量均显著提高(P<0.05),丙二醛含量显著降低(P<0.05);T3处理的苗期油菜叶片中过氧化氢酶活性、脯氨酸含量、叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量均显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),丙二醛含量显著低于其他处理(P<0.05);基肥中施入180 kg？hm-2钾肥不施磷肥(T4)、施入150 kg？hm-2磷肥不施钾肥(T5)以及磷、钾肥均不施(T6)的处理,苗期油菜叶片中过氧化氢酶活性、脯氨酸含量、叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量均低于CK处理,丙二醛含量显著高于CK处理;T3处理中,油菜的实际产量显著高于其他处理.[结论]在保证磷、钾肥总量的条件下,通过运筹基肥和苗肥中磷、钾肥的比例,可以提高苗期油菜的抗冻性,对肥料的有效利用和生态保护具有一定的实际意义.[Objectives]A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of fertilizer application patterns on the seedling rape freezing resistance and yield, so as to provide a reference basis for guiding the efficient fertilization, freezing resistance and increasing yield on rape. [Methods]Under the condition of certain total amount of K and P fertilizer application in the whole growth period of rape, the experiment set seven treatments according to different ratio of K and P application in base and seedling fertilizer. [Results]The results showed that compared with CK treatments where all the K and P were applicated in base fertilizer, the catalase activity, the contents of proline, chlorophyll, soluble sugar in the leaf of seedling rape were significantly higher(P<0.05)under three treatments including 150 kg？hm-2 P and 90 kg？hm-2 K application in base fertilizer(T1), 75 kg？hm-2 P and 180 kg？hm-2 K application in base fertilizer(T2), and 75 kg？hm-2 P and 90 kg？hm-2 K application in base fertilizer(T3), but the content of MDA was significantly lower(P<0.05). In T3 treatment, the catalase activity, the contents of proline, chlorophyll, soluble sugar in the leaf of seedling rape were significantly higher than other treatments, but the content of MDA was significantly lower than others. Under three treatments including 180 kg？hm-2 K with no P application in base fertilizer(T4), 150 kg？hm-2 P with no K application in base fertilizer(T5), neither P nor K application in base fertilizer(T6), the catalase activity, the contents of proline, chlorophyll, soluble sugar in the leaf of seedling rape were significantly lower(P<0.05)than CK, but the content of MDA was significantly higher(P<0.05). In T3 treatment, the rape yield was significant higher than other treatments. [Conclusions]By setting suitable ratio of K and P application in base and seedling fertilizer under certain total amount of K and P fertilizer application, the seedling rape freezing
References
[1]
周冬梅,张仁陟,孙万仓,等. 北方旱寒区冬油菜种植气候适宜性研究[J]. 中国农业科学,2014,47(13):2541-2551 [Zhou D M,Zhang R Z,Sun W C,et al. Study on climatic suitability for winter rapeseed planting in arid and cold regions in North China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2014,47(13):2541-2551(in Chinese with English abstract)]
[2]
赵晋忠,史瑞雪,丁起盛. 冬小麦寒害和抗寒性与自由基代谢关系的研究[J]. 山西农业大学学报,2001,21(1):57-59 [Zhao J Z,Shi R X,Ding Q S. The study on relationship between radicals metabolizes and cold injury and resistance in winter wheat[J]. J Shanxi Agric Univ,2001,21(1):57-59(in Chinese with English abstract)]
[3]
李瑞海,徐大兵,黄启为,等. 叶面肥对苗期油菜生长特性的影响[J]. 南京农业大学学报,2008,31(3):91-96. doi:10.7685/j.issn.1000-2030.2008.03.018 [Li R H,Xu D B,Huang Q W,et al. Effect of foliar fertilizer on growth of rapeseed seedlings[J]. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2008,31(3):91-96(in Chinese with English abstract)]
[4]
王贺正,陈明灿,贺文闯,等. 磷钾对小麦幼苗抗寒性的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报,2009,29(1):141-145 [Wang H Z,Chen M C,He W C,et al. Effect of phosphorus and potassium on cold resistance of wheat seedling[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops,2009,29(1):141-145(in Chinese with English abstract)]
[5]
徐艳丽,鲁剑巍,周世力,等. 氮磷钾肥对高羊茅生长及抗寒性的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(6):1173-1177 [Xu Y L,Lu J W,Zhou S L,et al. Effects of N,P,K fertilizer application on tall fescue growth and cold-resistance[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2007,13(6):1173-1177(in Chinese with English abstract)]
[6]
李合生. 植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社,2000 [Li H S. Principle and Technology of Plant Physiological and Biochemical Experiments[M]. Beijing:Higher Education Press,2000(in Chinese)]
[7]
邹国元,杨志福,李晓林. 钾对玉米苗期抗冷性的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报,1998,4(2):165-169 [Zou G Y,Yang Z F,Li X L. Effect of potassium on chilling resistance of maize seedlings[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,1998,4(2):165-169(in Chinese with English abstract)]
[8]
Hetherington S E,He J,Smillie R M. Photoinhibition at low temperature in chilling-sensitive and resistant plants[J]. Plant Physiol,1989,90:1609-1615
[9]
Fork D C,Satoh K. The control by state transitions of the distribution of excitation energy in photosynthesis[J]. Annu Rev Plant Physiol,1986,37:335-361
[10]
于振文,张炜,岳寿松,等. 钾营养对冬小麦光合作用和衰老的影响[J]. 作物学报,1996,22(3):305-312 [Yu Z W,Zhang W,Yue T S,et al. Effect of potassium on photosynthesis and senescence in winter wheat[J]. Acta Agreonomica Sinica,1996,22(3):305-312(in Chinese with English abstract)]
[11]
Waldman M,Rikin A,Dovrat A,et al. Hormonal regulation of morphogenesis and cold resistance[J]. J Exp Bot,1975,26(95):853-859
[12]
Burle-Bbael A L,Fowler D B. Genetic control of cold hardiness and vernalization requirement in winter wheat[J]. Crop Sci,1988,28(6):879-884
[13]
黄智刚. 不同施磷量对油菜根系形态和磷吸收的影响[J]. 广西农学报,2000(3):27-29 [Huang Z G. The influences of different application quantity of phosphorus on rape root system and the absorption of phosphorus[J]. Journal of Guangxi Agriculture,2000(3):27-29(in Chinese with English abstract)]
