生物有机肥对‘滁菊’连作障碍的影响

[目的]连作导致‘滁菊’生长受到抑制,产量及品质下降.通过研究生物有机肥(BOF)对‘滁菊’产量及主要品质的影响,探究‘滁菊’连作障碍防控的最优方案.[方法]在‘滁菊’扦插育苗及大田移栽时分别或同时施用生物有机肥,试验共设4个处理:1)常规土壤育苗+连作土壤定植(CKn+CKf);2)常规土壤育苗+连作土壤施用BOF定植(CKn+BOF);3)常规土壤施用BOF育苗+连作土壤定植(BOF+CKf);4)常规土壤施用BOF育苗+连作土壤施用BOF定植(BOF+BOF).测定不同处理中‘滁菊’的根系活力,根际土壤和非根际土壤尖孢镰刀菌数量,根际土壤蔗糖酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性和脲酶活性,鲜花产量,花序黄酮含量及与‘滁菊’主要品质相关的指标.[结果]施用生物有机肥不仅能够增加‘滁菊’根系活力,提高3种土壤酶活性,并能显著抑制‘滁菊’根际土壤尖孢镰刀菌数量.生物有机肥能有效提高‘滁菊’产量及黄酮含量,还能显著提高‘滁菊’株高、茎粗、冠幅、分枝数、根冠比、鲜质量和生物量等主要生长指标.其中BOF+CKf处理能显著提高‘滁菊’根系活力和地下部鲜质量,但其他生理指标与对照处理(CKn+CKf)相比无显著差异.BOF+BOF处理的‘滁菊’综合指标最佳,其产量、黄酮含量、叶绿素含量以及叶片氮素含量均显著高于对照CKn+CKf,分别提高了34.71%、95.71%、73.76%和97.22%.[结论]育苗与大田移栽时同时施用生物有机肥,不仅能显著抑制‘滁菊’根际土壤尖孢镰刀菌数量,提高3种土壤酶活性,而且能明显促进‘滁菊’生长,提高‘滁菊’产量及其主要品质,该处理为‘滁菊’实际生产中连作障碍防控的最优方案,将为‘滁菊’连作障碍的防控提供理论依据和技术指导.
[Objectives]Monoculture leads to declines in both quanlity and quantity(productivity)of Chrysanthemum morifolium Tzvel.‘Chuju’. In order to explore the best disease control project, the effects of bio-organic fertilizer(BOF)on the productivity of C.morifolium Tzvel.‘Chuju’were investigated in this study. [Methods]BOF was applied in nursery and/or transplanting soil of‘Chuju’in field experiment. Four different treatments were designed, including:1)Both nursery and transplating soil untreated(CKn+CKf);2)BOF was applied in only nursery(BOF+CKf);3)BOF was applied in transplanting soil(CKn+BOF);4)BOF was applied in both nursery and transplanting(BOF+BOF). The root activity, the copy number of Fusarium oxysporum in the rhizosphere soil, sucrase activity, catalase activity, urease activity in the rhizosphere soil;total flavonoids, yield and key physiological indicators of chrysanthemum were evaluated. [Results]The results showed that BOF could not only increase the total flavonoids, yield, and evaluated enzyme activities in the rhizosphere soil, but also has higersuppress effectiveness of the number of Fusarium oxysporum in rhizosphere soil. The key physiological indicators such as shoot height, stem diameter, crown diameter, root/shoot ratio and shoot fresh weight also increased as BOF application. Compared with CKn+CKf, root activity and root fresh weight in treatment BOF+CKf were significantly increased, but other key physiological indicators were not. Among all the treatments evaluated, BOF+BOF showed the best improvement abilities in the yield, total flavonoids, leaf SPAD value and nitrogen contents, which were 267.47 g per plant, 32.41 mg？g-1, 19.67% and 2.13 mg？g-1, respectively;they increased 34.71%, 95.71%, 73.76% and 97.22% respectively more than CKn+CKf. [Conclusions]Among all the tested treatments, BOF applied in both