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轮对磨耗与轮径差对高速列车动力学性能的影响

, PP. 47-53

Keywords: 高速列车,型面磨耗,轮径差,滚动半径差函数,动力学性能

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Abstract:

对某高速线路服役动车组轮对型面进行跟踪测试,分析了磨耗型面与轮径差对滚动半径差函数形状与位置变化的影响规律。根据服役列车参数建立高速列车动力学模型,计算高速列车在不同磨耗型面与轮径差工况下的非线性临界速度、平稳性和曲线通过性。由高速列车在平直线路与曲线通过工况下与不同轮轨接触的动态平衡点的计算,得出滚动半径差函数与高速列车动力学性能的关系。分析结果表明型面磨耗与轮径差可以改变滚动半径差函数形状与位置,引起轮轨动态接触点变化,并最终导致高速列车动力学性能的大幅改变。在直线通过工况下,当车辆行驶里程为1.98×105km时,随着磨耗的增加,车辆临界速度从530km?h-1降至300km?h-1,平稳性指数从1.60增至1.87;当轮径差从-0.5mm增至0.5mm时,临界速度下降约80km?h-1,平稳性指数增大0.10。在曲线通过工况下,随磨耗的增加,轮轨横向力从6.7kN逐渐增加到15.9kN,车辆脱轨系数从0.12增加到0.23,磨耗指数从0.005逐渐增加到0.018;当轮径差从-0.5mm增至0.5mm时,轮轨横向力减小3~6kN,脱轨系数降低0.03~0.10,磨耗指数减小0.003~0.010。

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