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货车极限黏着制动优化方法

Keywords: 车辆工程,制动动力学,闸瓦压力优化,轮轨黏着,系统辨识,自适应控制

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Abstract:

基于Polach大纵向蠕滑理论的轮轨接触模型,确定了铁道车辆在制动工况下,轮轨黏着系数达到饱和时的轮轨蠕滑率。以闸瓦压力为优化对象,以轮轨蠕滑率为目标函数,在SIMPACK环境下构建了考虑制动系统的车辆动力学模型。通过ARX系统辨识技术,在SIMULINK环境下构建了轮轨蠕滑率响应的参照系统。为了使车辆模型与参照模型的蠕滑率在制动过程中保持一致,基于MIT自适应控制技术对制动时车辆的蠕滑率响应进行了跟踪,以实现对闸瓦压力施加方案的优化。计算结果表明与一般闸瓦压力施加方案比较,优化后的闸瓦压力使轮轨最大蠕滑率下降了71.6%,使制动结束时的车速下降了11.8%,说明优化后的闸瓦压力不但能有效避免轮轨间的擦伤,还能够在一定程度上缩短车辆的制动距离。

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