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汽车驾驶人驾驶经验对注视行为特性的影响

, PP. 91-99

Keywords: 驾驶人,驾驶经验,注视行为,眼动试验,注视目标分解,眼动仪

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Abstract:

通过实车试验,分别在城市道路和公路上,利用EyeLinkⅡ眼动仪测试了20名驾驶人的眼动参数与注视行为特性。将被试驾驶人分为熟练驾驶人组和非熟练驾驶人组,通过将实际驾驶过程中的交通场景录像逐帧分解,并与驾驶人的眼动数据相结合来确定驾驶人的真实注视目标,对比了熟练与非熟练驾驶人的注视区域和注视目标特征,研究了2组驾驶人驾驶经验对驾驶人注视行为特性的影响,并分析了导致2组驾驶人注视行为差异的原因。研究结果表明驾驶经验对驾驶人注视行为特性有显著影响;在城市道路上,熟练驾驶人对近处目标的注视频次比非熟练驾驶人高约18%,而对车内后视镜的注视频次约为非熟练驾驶人的4.7倍;在公路上,非熟练驾驶人对远距离区域的注视频次仅为熟练驾驶人的41%,而对车内区域的注视频次则为熟练驾驶人的2.1倍;驾驶人对右区域的注视频次平均约为左区域的2.5倍,且熟练驾驶人对右区域关注更多,约为左区域的4倍,而非熟练驾驶人对右区域的注视频次约为左区域的1.5倍;非熟练驾驶人处理信息的策略和效率均比熟练驾驶人差。

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