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最小安全间距约束下拥挤交通流速度-密度关系模型

, PP. 92-99

Keywords: 交通规划,交通流,速度-密度曲线,拥挤状态,反应时间,最小安全间距

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Abstract:

根据交通拥挤状态下交通流速度与密度一致性变化的特点,分析了拥挤交通流的平均车间时距为定值的原因,并结合最小安全间距约束提出了交通拥挤状态下的速度-密度关系模型。研究了驾驶人的平均反应时间和交通拥挤状态下的最小车间时距的关系,对速度-密度关系模型的反应时间进行参数标定。分析了不同车辆长度、阻塞停车间距和反应时间下的速度-密度关系,利用提出的速度-密度关系模型、Greenshields模型、Greenberg模型、Underwood模型、Northwest模型、Edie模型对美国US-101、I-80两条高速公路的交通数据进行拟合,得到了拟合结果和绝对误差。分析结果表明提出的速度-密度关系模型能够从理论上解释交通拥挤状态下速度与密度的变化关系和速度-密度数据的离散现象;和其他模型相比,提出的速度-密度关系模型在拟合2条高速公路交通数据时的绝对误差最小,分别为4.91、7.50veh?km-1。基于最小安全间距约束的速度-密度模型刻画了拥挤交通流的本质特征,且对现实数据能够取得更好的拟合效果。

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