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地铁钢轨波磨对车辆和轨道动态行为的影响

, PP. 34-42

Keywords: 地铁,短波钢轨波磨,车辆-轨道耦合动力学,钢轨打磨

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Abstract:

采用钢轨波磨测量仪测量了钢轨波磨特征,采用加速度和位移传感器测量了钢轨打磨前后车辆和轨道零部件的振动加速度,分析了钢轨波磨对车辆和轨道零部件振动的影响,建立了车辆-轨道耦合动力学模型,研究了钢轨波磨对轮轨相互作用力的影响,确定了钢轨打磨限值。研究结果表明钢轨波磨主波长为30~40mm,次波长为16mm;钢轨轨头和弹条在650~800Hz的振动和轴箱在670~800Hz的振动与30~40mm波长对应的车辆通过振动行为一致,因此,短波钢轨波磨导致地铁车辆和轨道零部件振动过大,是车辆一系钢弹簧和轨道扣件弹条疲劳断裂的主要原因;钢轨打磨可以有效解决疲劳断裂问题,打磨前钢轨轨头、弹条、轨枕和道床振动加速度均方根分别为243.4、309.3、17.1、2.6m?s-2,打磨后振动加速度均方根下降为51.5、8.8、1.5、0.5m?s-2;轮轨垂向力和横向力均对钢轨波磨波长非常敏感,当钢轨波磨波深为0.1mm时,35、80mm波长对应的轮轨垂向力分别为307、109kN,横向力分别为56、25kN;当车辆运营速度为90~120km?h-1时,根据轮重减载率限值标准,35mm波长钢轨波磨波深为0.05~0.08mm,根据轮轨垂向力限值标准,35mm波长钢轨波磨波深为0.03~0.06mm,建议30~40mm短波钢轨波磨波深达到0.05mm时进行打磨处理。

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