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高压电器  2015 

冲击电压标准波源的研制

DOI: 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2015.09.024, PP. 140-145

Keywords: 冲击电压,溯源,不确定度,稳定性,带载能力

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Abstract:

IEC标准规定使用高精度的冲击电压标准波源校准数字记录仪,为了能够校准冲击电阻分压器和数字记录仪组成的完整测量系统,文中介绍了可产生IEC60060-1―2001中规定的雷电全波的冲击电压标准波源的原理、设计和结构。冲击电压标准波源为小型的MAX发生器,其电压峰值Up、波前时间T1、波尾时间T2都可以根据脉冲形成回路的元器件参数计算得到。该标准波源的输出电压波形峰值为80~1000V,理论计算时间参数(0.791/58.22)μs。采用PTB校准过的14Bit数字记录仪测量低阻抗标准的输出波形,电压峰值Up实际测量结果与设置值的偏差在0~0.8‰之间;波前时间T1的偏差-2‰~3‰之间;半峰值时间T2的偏差为-1‰~0.8‰之间,峰值参数满足±1‰的允许误差要求,时间参数均满足±1%的最大允许误差要求,连续重复20次,最大标准偏差为2.5×10-4,一年内各电压点的峰值长期稳定性在0.3‰内。该标准波源可作为冲击电压溯源过程中校准数字记录仪的主标准,校准电阻值为3.25kΩ的冲击电阻分压器,校准分压比为93.42,结果与分压器频率响应试验结果一致,时间参数与MATLAB程序计算结果吻合,表明该低阻抗冲击电压标准波源也可校准电阻分压器。

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