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矿床地质  2005 

西藏改则地区金成矿作用

Keywords: 地球化学,金矿,年代学,含矿建造,成矿模式,西藏

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Abstract:

西藏改则地区属班公湖_怒江板块缝合带西段,该区岩金的找矿和理论研究十分薄弱,找矿方向不明确。文章从金的成矿背景、成矿特征和成矿年代学研究入手,探讨了该缝合带演化过程中金的成矿作用,试图为该区金找矿方向的确立提供依据。研究表明,该区金矿主要分布在羌塘板片南缘铁格山一带的侏罗系雁石坪群和缝合带内木嘎岗日地体达查一带的侏罗系木嘎岗日群浅变质火山_沉积建造中。大地构造及地球化学研究反映出雁石坪群和木嘎岗日群是大陆裂谷_边缘海环境中形成的亚稳定的复理石沉积,其形成伴随有较大规模的蛇绿岩和基性火山喷发,同时有较明显的海底热水活动,地层中集中了较丰富的Au、Cu等幔源物质而成为Au的初始矿源层。早白垩世晚期,在冈底斯地块和羌塘地块碰撞拼贴过程中,富含Au、Cu等幔源组分的I型中酸性岩浆上侵,并加热下渗的海水,使之与岩浆混合成为汲取初始矿源层、蛇绿岩和中酸性岩浆岩中Au的有效介质,进而携带Au在各种岩石裂隙中运移沉淀,形成蚀变岩_石英脉过渡型金矿体。在晚白垩世海盆关闭且发生差异隆升造山过程中,原有矿床的顶部被剥蚀,并以砂矿的形式开始了金矿的再生。

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