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矿床地质  2006 

新疆伊犁盆地511砂岩型铀矿床成矿作用机理研究

Keywords: 地质学,成矿作用,层间氧化带,微生物,砂岩铀矿,伊犁盆地,新疆

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Abstract:

为探讨511铀矿床的形成机理,通过野外岩心观察和系统样品采集,结合室内化学分析、扫描电镜、电子探针等方法,详细研究了赋存于Ⅴ旋回砂体的铀矿地质特征,对砂岩铀的成矿作用展开了初步讨论。认为Ⅴ旋回层间氧化带可划分为氧化带、氧化_还原过渡带(包括褪色亚带和铀矿石亚带)和还原带;铀矿赋存在过渡带砂岩中,空间展布严格受层间氧化带控制;铀主要以显微浸染状铀矿物(沥青铀矿+铀石)形式散布于炭屑木质细胞腔内壁和砂岩碎屑颗粒的填隙物中,部分以吸附形式赋存于粘土矿物和炭屑;层间氧化带发育是含氧层间承压水与砂岩之间水岩作用的结果。伴随砂岩中有机质、S2-和Fe2+被氧化,形成的有机酸类、SO2-4和Fe3+等组分部分迁移至过渡带沉淀,也是砂岩中铀元素活化迁移、沉淀富集,再活化、再富集的循环过程;层间氧化带及其砂岩铀成矿作用发生于表生环境,始于喜马拉雅早期(66Ma),具有长期性和滚动式向前发展的特点;铀成矿可能与微生物细菌活动及其还原作用密切相关。

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