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矿床地质  2006 

西藏冈底斯中段雄村铜金矿床成矿流体特征与成因探讨

Keywords: 地球化学,成矿流体,流体组成,氢氧同位素,浅成热液矿床,雄村,西藏

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Abstract:

雄村铜金矿是在西藏冈底斯中段新发现的一个矿床,流体包裹体组成分析揭示该矿床成矿流体为富含CO2、N2和有机气体的Na+-K+-Ca2+-Cl--SO2-4-HS--CO2-3体系,Na/K、Na/Ca和Cl-/SO2-4摩尔比值分别为1.5~7.1、0.2~2.1和1.0~29.3。氢、氧同位素分析显示,成矿流体δ18O值范围为-4.7‰~+2.2‰,δD值范围为-104‰~-82‰,表明成矿流体以大气水为主,但岩浆流体可能也对矿床的形成起了重要作用。硫化物硫同位素组成也显示硫主要来自深源岩浆,雄村矿床高盐度流体的形成可能与岩浆流体的低压不混溶密切相关。高盐度流体是雄村贱金属元素活化、迁移的重要介质;地下水中高的有机质还原SO2是诱发贱金属沉淀成矿的重要机制。有机质还原SO2也为Au的活化、迁移提供了介质和有利的还原环境。雄村矿床的形成与岩浆流体和循环地下水共同作用有关,浅部稳定的热体制和高的有机质还原SO2机制是形成雄村矿床特殊蚀变矿化样式的重要原因。

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