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矿床地质  2010 

华北克拉通的形成演化与成矿作用

Keywords: 地质学,华北克拉通,陆壳演化,构造背景,成矿作用

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Abstract:

华北克拉通具有38亿年的漫长历史,特别是与其他克拉通相比,它有更为复杂的多阶段的构造演化史,记录了几乎所有的地壳早期发展与中生代以来的重大构造事件。在太古宙,华北克拉通经历了>3.0Ga的陆核与微陆块的形成;2.7~2.9Ga的陆壳增生;2.5Ga的岩浆、变质作用与克拉通化;2.3~1.9Ga的古元古代活动(造山)带;1.8Ga的基底隆升与裂谷-非造山岩浆事件。在新元古代—古生代,华北克拉通处于相对稳定的地台状态,其南、北缘受到秦岭造山带和中亚造山带的影响;在中生代,华北克拉通则经历了强烈的中生代构造格局的转变和克拉通的破坏与重建;在新生代,华北克拉通的东缘属于环太平洋构造带的一部分。与上述重大构造事件相对应,华北克拉通出现大规模的成矿作用,形成了丰富多样的固体矿产资源。华北克拉通的形成与演化及其不同类型的成矿系统,为深刻理解大地构造背景对成矿作用的制约提供了范例。

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