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矿床地质  2011 

熔体包裹体在估算花岗岩类矿床形成压力(深度)方面的应用

Keywords: 地球化学,花岗岩类矿床,熔体包裹体,地质压力计,成矿深度

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Abstract:

在花岗岩类矿床中,花岗岩浆分异出富挥发分熔体/流体的过程,是导致岩浆就位和成矿元素迁移、富集的关键因素之一。在该过程中,同时捕获的不同类别的熔体包裹体和流体包裹体可以互相限定捕获条件,由此可以建立一系列与熔体包裹体有关的地质压力计,进而得到相关分异作用发生的深度。这些深度数值,对于指导花岗岩地区的找矿工作具有重要价值。与熔体包裹体有关的压力计主要分为与硅酸盐熔体包裹体共生的流体包裹体地质压力计、硅酸盐熔体包裹体地质压力计和富子晶包裹体地质压力计。这些压力计使用的难点主要是均一实验,实验设备主要有Linkam高温热台系统、冷封式高压釜和热液金刚石压腔,三者各有优缺点。国内许多实验室已经具备开展熔体包裹体均一实验的条件。在中国,如南岭地区,许多花岗岩类矿床中存在花岗岩晶洞、花岗岩中的似伟晶岩囊体、花岗岩与围岩接触带的似伟晶岩壳、花岗伟晶岩以及富挥发分花岗岩,这些地质体保留了熔体分异出富挥发分熔体/流体的痕迹,是应用与熔体包裹体有关的压力计的良好对象。

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