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矿床地质  2011 

西藏甲玛铜多金属矿床成矿流体来源及演化

Keywords: 地球化学,成矿流体,特征,来源,演化,甲玛,西藏

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Abstract:

对斑岩、矽卡岩及角岩矿物中石英的熔融包裹体和流体包裹体进行测温,得到甲玛铜多金属矿床斑岩体形成温度为634~887℃,斑岩体中流体开始出溶的压力为59.1MPa。从岩浆阶段、岩浆_热液阶段、矽卡岩阶段、矽卡岩退变质阶段到石英-硫化物阶段,温度范围为170~540℃,盐度集中在15%~50%范围内,密度为0.9233~1.0805g/cm3,成矿流体主要为NaCl-H2O体系。早期最低成矿压力为31.8MPa,最浅成矿深度为1.1778km。通过流体包裹体的离子成分、气相成分比值与图解、氢氧同位素数据分析,表明甲玛铜多金属矿床的成矿流体为岩浆来源,并有后期大气降水的混入。成矿流体的形成和演化经历了岩浆出溶、超临界流体的相分离、流体的减压沸腾作用及岩浆热液、挥发分与碳酸盐围岩接触带的充填/交代作用。岩浆-热液演化过程中的成矿元素,从最早的岩浆结晶分异阶段开始到岩浆期后热液阶段,都强烈地选择性进入挥发分气相中进行迁移。流体的减压沸腾、混合作用最终导致成矿元素的沉淀,甲玛矿床在成因上与斑岩-浅成低温热液成矿系统中的岩浆-热液成矿作用有关。

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