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矿床地质  2013 

世界海底富钴结壳资源分布特征

Keywords: 地质学,富钴结壳,海底金属资源,成矿区

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Abstract:

大洋富钴结壳资源是潜在的海底金属资源。文章对富钴结壳资源在太平洋、大西洋和印度洋分布的数据进行收集、整理、筛选、建库,从全球角度出发,对富钴结壳的分布特征进行了分析和对比。研究发现,海山、洋脊、海盆和陆坡4种地貌的Co品位分别为0.70%、0.46%、0.50%和0.43%,海山地貌更有利于高Co品位结壳的产出。三大洋中,太平洋海山富钴结壳矿点的分布比例占到了已知总数的73.3%,说明太平洋海山区是世界海底富钴结壳资源主要的产出区。根据入库数据的分布特点,在全球划分出10个富钴结壳成矿区,结合结壳的厚度和分布水深,从各成矿区中划分出富集区,并按照2cm厚度和4cm厚度的标准分别对富集区的富钴结壳资源量进行了估算。计算结果显示,太平洋富矿区的富钴结壳质量最好,w(Mn)、w(Co)、w(Ni)、w(Cu)平均分别为23.00%、0.66%、0.44%、0.09%,干结壳资源量分别为2426.33Mt、70.30Mt、48.75Mt、10.30Mt;按4cm厚度指标,w(Mn)、w(Co)、w(Ni)、w(Cu)平均分别为23.70%、0.58%、0.48%、0.11%,干结壳资源量分别为1184.53Mt、29.76Mt、24.53Mt、5.01Mt。

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