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矿床地质  2013 

金矿床中金与黄铁矿和毒砂的关系

Keywords: 地球化学,不可见金,可见金,黄铁矿,毒砂,热液,蚀变环带

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Abstract:

卡林型金矿中的金,以肉眼,甚至在显微镜下都看不到,因而称之为"不可见金"。经过金的物相分析,发现Au与毒砂、黄铁矿有关。进一步的问题是:Au在毒砂、黄铁矿中呈何状态分布,是呈微细的独立矿物?还是类质同象?是以化学键进入毒砂、黄铁矿的晶格?还是吸附在其表面?进一步的研究表明,世界上其他类型金矿,如浊积岩型金矿、造山带内太古代绿岩带金矿、变质金矿、与火成岩有关的金矿,甚至含金的块状硫化物矿床,其中的金除了以自然金(可见金)产出外,在黄铁矿、毒砂、辉锑矿、雄黄等硫化物中还含有不可见金。从不可见金到可见金,需经过热液蚀变作用,在高As条件下,温度和硫逸度的升高,可溶出不可见金,在温度下降和还原条件下,Au以可见金形式存在于蚀变环带中。这种从不可见金到可见金的转换过程,反映了Au、As、S以及Fe等元素的地球化学特征。金矿中的黄铁矿和毒砂具有相似的结构,包括在其原始生长的晶体中含有不可见金,并且在稍后的成矿阶段内形成赋存有可见金的蚀变环带。蚀变环带以As含量高为特征,并且,后期的可见金是沿裂隙或毒砂与黄铁矿的粒间分布。可见金是热液活化了矿物内的不可见金而形成的。

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