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矿床地质  2015 

造山型金矿床成矿过程研究进展

Keywords: 地质学,造山型金矿床,成矿过程,沉淀机制,地壳连续成矿模式,变质脱流体成矿模式,超大陆循环

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Abstract:

造山型金矿床形成在汇聚板块边缘挤压或压扭的构造环境中,其形成时间和空间与造山作用过程存在成因上的联系。造山型金矿床是全球重要的金矿类型,为世界提供了1/3的黄金储量。该类型金矿床能和造山带演化及超大陆拼合紧密联系在一起,是现代矿床学研究的热点之一。文章回顾了近十余年造山型金矿床成矿过程研究的成果,以矿床学三大基本问题源、运、储为框架,归纳总结了前人对造山型金矿床的认识,深入分析了造山型金矿床的成矿流体特征、金和硫的来源及含矿流体迁移过程和金的沉淀机制,对比分析了地壳连续成矿模式和变质脱流体成矿模式,探讨了造山型金矿床时空分布与陆壳生长的联系,最后梳理了造山型金矿床成矿过程研究中存在的科学问题和新认识。目前对造山型金矿床的主要认识有:①成矿流体以变质流体为主,金元素和矿化剂硫最有可能来自沉积地层内;②金发生高效沉淀的关键因素是流体压力骤降,而不是流体温度降低;③在高级变质作用峰期条件下能否同时发生金矿化作用是地壳连续成矿模式和变质脱硫体成矿模式的最大分歧点;④造山型金矿床的时空分布规律与超大陆拼合过程有关。

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