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影响卫星故障的空间天气分析

DOI: 10.11728/cjss2015.04.461, PP. 461-472

Keywords: 卫星故障,空间天气,磁暴,太阳质子事件,相对论电子通量增强

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Abstract:

基于美国国家地球物理数据中心(NGDC)2384例和中国19颗卫星的263例卫星故障信息,结合1963-2012年小时平均的多种空间环境数据,定量分析了三种卫星故障发生期间的空间要素特征,探讨单粒子锁定(SEU)、表面充电致静电放电(ESD)和内部深层充电所致电子引起的电磁脉冲(ECEMP)与空间天气事件的可能联系,得出以下主要结论.(1)大部分SEU和ECEMP发生于空间天气平静时,但在其前后3日内地磁活动达到了磁暴水平,相对来说比例最大的发生在Dstmin之后第3日(48~72h).(2)ESD受地磁活动和高能电子通量影响明显.与磁暴、相对论电子通量增强事件的季节性相对应,两分点附近ESD和ECEMP的发生率高;93.6%的ESD发生前后72h内地磁活动达到磁暴水平,故障发生时间均匀分布在Dstmin前0~48h和后0~24h;54.9%的ESD发生时处于地磁暴期(Dst<-30nT),以-50~-30nT的小磁暴水平居多;40.6%的ESD发生于高能电子通量高水平期(≥103pfu,1pfu=1cm-2·s-1·sr-1),81.9%的ESD发生前后72h内高能电子通量峰值≥103pfu,发生率最高时段为电子通量峰值前48~72h.(3)高能电子对中国同步轨道卫星的SEU影响明显,42.5%故障发生时高能电子通量≥103pfu,故障在峰值前48~72h和峰值后48~72h的发生概率相当,约为23.0%.(4)同步轨道卫星SEU受太阳质子事件的影响相对较大,22.5%的中国同步轨道卫星故障发生前后72h内发生了太阳质子事件,季节性不明显.

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