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日球层内外能量中性原子的探测

DOI: 10.11728/cjss2015.03.253, PP. 253-292

Keywords: 能量中性原子,空间等离子体,遥测,日球层,星际介质,电荷交换,粒子探测器

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Abstract:

能量中性原子(EnergeticNeutralAtoms,ENA,简称能原子)是指在日球层内外空间,拥有>0.1keV动能的原子.在此空间领域并没有温度>106K的中性气体,但却充满动能>0.1keV的正离子.因此能原子A应该是A+离子与原地稀薄气体B原子或分子交换电荷所产生的,即A++B→A+B+.电荷交换涉及极小的动能变化,新生的能原子A和离子B+基本上各自保持原有动能.离子B+随即被当地磁场俘获,能原子A则脱离磁场约束并携带其原属离子群的成分和能量信息而直线运动,成为遥测空间等离子体的有效媒介.美国人造卫星IBEX(InterstellarBoundaryExplorer)直接探测得到来自日球层以外星际空间的能原子,大幅延伸了利用能原子遥测空间等离子体的领域.本文据此论述了空间能原子的发现,综述了探测空间能原子的基本概念与实例、取得的主要成果、仪器设计和研制进展以及未来空间利用能原子遥测的发展趋势.

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