Baglio V,Arico A S,Blasi Di,et al.Nafion-TiO2 com-posite DMFC membranes:physico-chemical properties ofthe filler versus electrochemical performance[J].Elec-trochimica Acta,2005,50(5):1241-1246.
[3]
Hogarth M P,Hards G A.Direct methanol fuel cell[J].Platium Metals Rev,1996,40(4):150-152.
[4]
Macak J M,Barczuk P J,Tsuchiya H,et al.Self-organ-ized nanotubular TiO2 matrix as support for dispersedPt/Ru nanoparticles:enhancement of the electrocatalyticoxidation of methanol[J].Electrochem Commun,2005,7(12):1417-1422.
[5]
Choi Jong-ho,Jeong Kyoung-jin,Dong Yujung,et al.E-lectro-oxidation of methanol and formic acid on PtRuand PtAu for direct liquid fuel cells[J].J PowerSources,2006,163(1):71-75.
[6]
Adzic R R,Avramov-Ivic M L,Tripkovic A V.Stucturaleffects in electrocatalysis:oxidation of formaldehyde ongold and platium single crystal electrodes in alkaline so-lution[J].Electrochim Acta,1984,29(10):1353-1357.
Ha S,Larsen R,Masel R I.Performance characterizationof Pd/C nanocatalyst for direct formic acid fuel cells[J].J Power Sources,2005,144(1):28-34.
[9]
Singh R N,Singh Anindita.Electrocatalytic activities ofbinary and ternary composite electrodes of Pd,nanocar-bon and Ni for electro-oxidation of methanol in alkalinemedium[J].J Solid Electrochem,2009,13(8):1259-1265.
[10]
Jeremy K,William A,Goddard III.Oxidation of metha-nol on 2nd and 3rd row group VIII trasition metals(Pt,Ir,Os,Pd,Rh,and Ru):application to direct methanolfuel cells[J].J Am Chem Soc,1999,121(47):10928-10941.
[11]
Lamy C,Lima A,LeRhun V,et al.Recent advances inthe development of direct alcohol fuel cells(DAFC)[J].J Power Source,2002,105(2):283-296.
[12]
Zhang Kaifeng,Guo Daojun,Liu Xiang,et al.Vanadi-um oxide nanotubes as the support of Pd catalysts formethanol oxidation in alkaline solution[J].J PowerSources,2006,162(2):1077-1081.
[13]
Sun Zhipeng,Zhang Xiaogang,Liu Ruili,et al.A sim-ple approach towards sulfonated multi-walled carbonnanotubes supported by Pd catalysts for methanol elec-tro-oxidation[J].J Power Sources,2008,185(2):801-806.
[14]
Xu Changwei,Cheng Liqiang,Shen Peikang,et al.Me-thanol and ethanoloxidation on Pt and Pd supported oncarbon microsphospheres in alkaline media[J].Elec-trochemi commun,2007,9(5):997-1001.
[15]
Yi Q F,Huang W,Liu X P,et al.Electroactivity of tita-nium-supported nanoporous Pd-Pt catalysts towards for-mic acid[J].J Electroana Chem,2008,619～620(15):197-205.
[16]
Cao Chu-nan(曹楚南),Zhang Jian-qing(张鉴清).An introduction to electrochemical impedance spectros-copy[M].Beijing:Science Press,2002.81-83.
[17]
Sundmacher K,Schultz T,Zhou S,et al.Dynamics of di-rect methanol fuel cell(DMFC):experiments and model-based analysis[J].Chem Engineering Scie,2001,56(2):333-341.
