Liu A N, Zhu Z H, Chang S J, et al. Twist expression associated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer[J]. Mol Cell Biochem, 2012, 367(1/2): 195-203. [2]Visvader J E, Lindeman G J. Cancer stem cells in solid tumours: accumulating evidence and unresolved questions[J]. Nat Rev Cancer, 2008, 8(10): 755-768. [3]林叔陈, 张风春, 张雁云, 等. 乳腺癌干细胞的研究进展[J]. 肿瘤, 2008, 28(8): 719-722. [4]Pallini R, Ricci-Vitiani L, Banna G L, et al. Cancer stem cell analysis and clinical outcome in patients with glioblastoma multiforme[J]. Clin Cancer Res, 2008, 14(24): 8205-8212. [5]Mani S A, Guo W, Liao M J, et al. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition generates cells with properties of stem cells[J]. Cell, 2008, 133(4): 704-715. [6]Ponti D, Costa A, Zaffaroni N, et al. Isolation and in vitro propagation of tumorigenic breast cancer cells with stem/progenitor cell properties[J]. Cancer Res, 2005, 65(13): 5506-5511. [7]Vesuna F, Lisok A, Kimble B, et al. Twist modulates breast cancer stem cells by transcriptional regulation of CD24 expression[J]. Neoplasia, 2009, 11(12): 1318-1328. [8]Shaw F L, Harrison H, Spence K, et al. A detailed mammosphere assay protocol for the quantification of breast stem cell activity[J]. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia, 2012, 17(2): 111-117. [9]Yang J, Mani S A, Donaher J L, et al. Twist, a master regulator of morphogenesis, plays an essential role in tumor metastasis[J]. Cell, 2004, 117(7): 927-939. [10]Kurrey N K, Jalgaonkar S P, Joglekar A V, et al. Snail and slug mediate radioresistance and chemoresistance by antagonizing p53-mediated apoptosis and acquiring a stem-like phenotype in ovarian cancer cells[J]. Stem Cells, 2009, 27(9): 2059-2068. [11]Yang M H, Hsu D S, Wang H W, et al. Bmi1 is essential in Twist1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition[J]. Nat Cell Biol, 2010, 12(10): 982-992. [12]Ma L, Teruya-Feldstein J, Weinberg R A. Tumour invasion and metastasis initiated by microRNA-10b in breast cancer[J]. Nature, 2007, 449(7163): 682-688. [13]Liu M, Casimiro M C, Wang C, et al. p21CIP1 attenuates Ras- and c-Myc-dependent breast tumor epithelial mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell-like gene expression ?in vivo?[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2009, 106(45): 19035-19039. [14]Russell K C, Phinney D G, Lacey M R, et al. ?In vitro? high-capacity assay to quantify the clonal heterogeneity in trilineage potential of mesenchymal stem cells reveals a complex hierarchy of lineage commitment[J]. Stem Cells, 2010, 28(4): 788-798.