Petkar S,? Bullock I,? Davis S, et al. Transient loss of consciousness:? summary of NICE guidance[J]. Heart,? 2013,? 99(13): 901-903.? [2]Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Syncope,? European Society of Cardiology (ESC),? European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope (version 2009) [J]. Eur Heart J,? 2009,? 30(21):? 2631-2671.? [3]赵娟,? 杨锦艳,? 金红芳,? 等. 儿童直立性高血压的临床特征[J]. 中华儿科杂志,? 2012,? 50(11): 839-842.? [4]Stewart J M. Update on the theory and management of orthostatic intolerance and related syndromes in adolescents and children[J]. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther,? 2012, 10(11): 1387-1399. ? [5]中华医学会儿科学分会心血管学组《中华儿科杂志》编辑委员会.儿童晕厥诊断指南[J]. 中华儿科杂志,? 2009,? 47(2): 99-101. ? [6]Massin M M,? Malekzadeh-Milani S,? Benatar A. Cardiac syncope in pediatric patients[J]. Clin Cardiol,? 2007,? 30(2): 81-85.? [7]Lewis D A,? Dhala A. Syncope in the pediatric patient. The cardiologist’s perspective[J]. Pediatr Clin North Am,? 1999,? 46(2):? 205-219.? [8]金红芳,? 张凤文,? 王成,? 等. 儿童一过性意识丧失的基础疾病分析[J]. 中国小儿急救医学,? 2012,? 19(4): 360-363. [9]Massin M M,? Bourguignont A,? Coremans C, et al. Syncope in pediatric patients presenting to an emergency department[J]. J Pediatr,? 2004,? 145(2): 223-228. [10]Martin K,? Bates G,? Whitehouse W P. Transient loss of consciousness and syncope in children and young people:? what you need to know[J].Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed,? 2010,? 95(3): 66-72.? [11]Lanier J B,? Mote M B,? Clay E C. Evaluation and management of orthostatic hypotension[J]. Am Fam Physician,? 2011,? 84(5):? 527-536.? [12]Low P A,? Singer W. Management of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension:? an update[J]. Lancet Neurol,? 2008,? 7(5):? 451-458.? [13]Serletis A,? Rose S,? Sheldon A G, et al. Vasovagal syncope in medical students and their first-degree relatives[J]. Eur Heart J,? 2006,? 27(16):? 1965-1970.? [14]Soteriades E S,? Evans J C,? Larson M G, et al. Incidence and prognosis of syncope[J]. N Engl J Med,? 2002,? 347(12): 878-885.? [15]张清友,? 杜军保,? 齐建光,? 等. 小儿心源性晕厥的临床特征分析[J]. 中华儿科杂志,? 2009,? 47(1): 44-47.