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106例儿童一过性意识丧失的病因及临床特征

, PP. 74-77

Keywords: 儿童,一过性意识丧失,病因,临床特征

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Abstract:

目的探讨小儿一过性意识丧失(transientlossofconsciousness,TLOC)的病因、临床特征及鉴别诊断。方法收集2013年1月至2014年3月在重庆医科大学附属儿童医院门诊就诊或住院的106例TLOC患儿的临床资料,对其病因及临床特征进行分析总结。结果106例患儿中,晕厥型89例(84.0%),非晕厥型17例(16.0%)。在晕厥型中,直立不耐受(orthostaticintolerance,OI)42例(39.6%),心源性晕厥(cardiacsyncope,CS)16例(15.1%),境遇性晕厥1例(0.9%),不明原因晕厥30例(28.3%);在非晕厥型中,神经源性疾病5例(4.7%),心因性疾病10例(9.4%),代谢性疾病2例(1.9%)。92.9%(39/42)的OI有诱因及先兆,59.5%(25/42)意识丧失<1min,26.2%(11/42)存在晕厥家族史。CS起病急剧,56.3%(9/16)CS在劳累时诱发,100%(16/16)心电图异常,住院期间死亡3例。10例心因性疾病中8例有明确的诱因,7例意识丧失>10min。结论OI是儿童TLOC最常见病因,具有明显临床特征,诊断过程中首先需排除CS,其次应注意与心因性假性晕厥及癫痫相鉴别。

References

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