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储罐爆炸事故中抛射碎片初速度预测

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-3026.2014.07.030, PP. 1047-1050

Keywords: 爆炸碎片,抛射碎片初速度,BLEVE事故,最大熵原理,概率密度函数,伽马分布

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Abstract:

为合理确定爆炸事故中抛射物初速度,基于碎片穿透实验及理论分析建立了两种碎片初速度的预测方法.在理论估算中,建立了以爆炸总能量乘以能量转化效率因子确定碎片初动能的碎片初速度预测模型.在爆炸总能量的计算方法中,Baum方程可以估算压缩气体物理爆炸、化学反应失控爆炸的总能量,而在BLEVE中,用液体过热能来估算爆炸能量更为准确.以Baum,Birk等实验的转化效率为基础,根据最大熵原理得出了碎片能量转化效率因子的概率密度符合伽马分布.由实例分析可知,BLEVE中基于过热能及效率因子的初速度预测方法可以有效地进行爆炸碎片危险的定量化评价.

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