ThestructureofintegumentandwaxglandsofPhenacoccusfraxinus(Hemiptera:Coccoidea:Pseudococcidae)

Usingscanningelectronmicroscopyandopticalmicroscopy,westudiedthestructureoftheintegumentandwaxglandsofthemealybug,PhenacoccusfraxinusTang(Hemiptera:Coccoidea:Pseudococcidae).Weobservedtheultrastructureoffourwaxporesincludingtrilocular,quinquelocular,andmultilocularporesaswellastubularducts,recordingcharacteristicsoftheirstructure,sizeanddistribution.Wefoundthatthattheintegumentofthemealybugconsistsofthreemainlayers—theprocuticle,epidermisandbasementmembrane—andfoursub-layersoftheprocuticle—theepicuticle,exocuticle,endocuticleandformationzone.Thewax-secretingglandcellswerecloselyarrangedinepidermis.Allofthemwerecomplexandcomposedofonecentralcellandtwoormorelateralcells.Thesecomplexcellspossessalargecommonreservoirforcollectionandstorage.Synthesizedbytheglandularcells,thewaxisexcretedoutsideintegumentthroughcanals.