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大豆科学  2009 

轮作植物对大豆胞囊线虫抑制作用的研究

DOI: 10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2009.02.0256, PP. 256-259

Keywords: 大豆,大豆胞囊线虫,轮作

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Abstract:

轮作是防治大豆胞囊线虫病的有效措施,旨在探讨常用和潜在的轮作植物对大豆胞囊线虫病的抑制作用,为黑龙江省大豆生产轮作体系改进提供技术支持。2006年,选择5种轮作植物(大麦、红三叶草、万寿菊、亚麻、玉米)与感病品种一起种在大豆胞囊线虫病圃;2007年种植玉米、小麦和感病大豆,检测两年播种前和收获后土壤中大豆胞囊线虫胞囊、卵和二龄幼虫数量;2008年所有小区种植感病大豆,测定大豆产量。结果表明:连续种植大豆的处理卵数量增加了13%,而种植万寿菊、红三叶草和大麦茬后复种红三叶草三个处理的土壤中卵的数量明显减少,减少率分别为80%、58%和68%,其他轮作处理土壤中大豆胞囊线虫群体密度也有不同程度降低,而且,轮作区大豆产量也有提高。结果显示:合理种植万寿菊、红三叶草以及大麦后复种红三叶草可以减少土壤中胞囊线虫的密度,对大豆胞囊线虫的抑制作用好于常规轮作作物玉米。而综合考虑不同作物对土壤养分的影响,以及在黑龙江省的播种面积,则可以确定能够使土壤中胞囊线虫密度减少,同时又能够提高土壤养分的合理的轮作方式为万寿菊―玉米―大豆。

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