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大豆科学  2008 

生殖生长期光富集及遮阴对大豆产量及其构成特性的影响

DOI: 10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2008.05.0764, PP. 764-722

Keywords: 大豆,光富集,遮阴,产量特征

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Abstract:

大豆冠层截获的太阳辐射强度是其产量和产量构成要素的重要决定因素。通过对3个粒重不同的大豆品种(系)生殖生长期进行不同的光处理,研究了田间条件下,高密度(54株.m-2)、中密度(27株.m-2)和低密度(14株.m-2)群体光富集及遮阴对大豆植株产量及其构成特征的影响。结果表明:光富集处理显著增加大豆单株荚数和产量,在低、中和高密度条件下,不同品种(系)单株产量增加幅度分别为26.2%~57.2%、27.7%~71.7%和10.8%~61.4%。遮阴显著降低大豆荚数和产量,不同密度条件下,单株产量相应减少幅度分别为37.1%~46.1%、34.4%~49.7%和41.7%~55.0%。光富集显著增加大豆主茎中下部节位的荚数,在低密度群体下,3个品种大豆主茎1~6节位的荚数分别由7.5个增加到17.3个、5.6个增加到10.1个和6.9个增加到17.2个,并显著减少底部节位的空荚率。光富集和遮阴有增加和减少每荚粒数的趋势,在低密度群体下,光富集使海339每荚粒数显著上升,由2.17上升到2.36,在中密度和高密度有使其每荚粒数上升的趋势但差异不显著。在低密度和中密度下,黑农35每荚粒数显著上升,分别由1.93和1.78上升到2.26和2.13,在高密度下,光富集也使垦农18每荚粒数显著上升,由1.89上升到2.08。在低密度下,遮阴使垦农18每荚粒数由2.17减少到1.97。光富集和遮阴对粒重也有一定影响,在低密度群体下,遮阴增加垦农18和海339粒重8%~11%,而在高密度群体下,遮阴降低海339百粒重17%,百粒重的变化与种植密度及品种有关。单株荚数和粒数的改变是对产量贡献最大的因子。

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