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大豆科学  2015 

大豆种质的耐旱性鉴定及耐旱指标筛选

DOI: 10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2015.05.0808, PP. 808-818

Keywords: 大豆,干旱,耐旱指标

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Abstract:

干旱是影响大豆产量的重要因素之一,建立相对稳定的耐旱鉴定方法、发掘耐旱品种是大豆耐旱育种的前提。基于前期对87份大豆材料耐旱性的初步鉴定结果以及对其中30份大豆材料耐旱等级划分重复鉴定的基础上,选取了代表性大豆材料12份,对分别反映萎蔫情况、叶片相对含水量、生长状况的10个耐旱相关指标进行测定。结果表明:与对照相比,干旱胁迫下大豆的叶片相对含水量降低,叶片相对电导率升高,大部分材料的生长受到抑制,生物量降低,根冠比增加,以上指标在不同材料间均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。萎蔫天数的遗传率为93%,是简单、直观、稳定的耐旱鉴定指标。相关性分析表明:萎蔫等级、叶片相对电导率分别与萎蔫天数呈极显著负相关,叶片相对含水量、根相对干重分别与萎蔫天数呈极显著正相关,且这些指标具有较高的遗传率(73%~89%),亦可作为耐旱鉴定的指标。筛选到的PI595843、科丰1号、五河齐黄豆等耐旱种质可为大豆耐旱育种提供材料基础。

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