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大豆科学  2015 

行距配置对套作大豆冠层光环境及其形态特征和产量的影响

DOI: 10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2015.04.0611, PP. 611-615

Keywords: 玉米-大豆套作,透光率,R/Fr,光质,根冠比,生物量

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Abstract:

为明确玉米-大豆带状套作群体行距配置对套作大豆的影响,固定带宽为200cm,玉米采用宽窄行种植,设定玉米窄行距离为20cm(P1)、40cm(P2)、60cm(P3)、80cm(P4)和100cm(P5),研究了不同行距配置对套作大豆共生期光环境及其形态特征和产量的影响。结果表明:(1)套作大豆冠层的透光率和红光/远红光(R/Fr)比值随着玉米窄行行距的增大(玉豆间距的减小)而逐渐降低;(2)套作大豆单株的茎粗、地上部生物量、根长、根重和根冠比随着透光率和R/Fr值的增大呈现上升的趋势,最大值出现在玉米窄行20cm(P1)处理,分别为2.02mm、0.25g、8.5cm、0.034g和0.14;而株高变化规律相反,最大值为31.9cm,出现在100cm(P5)处理中;(3)套作大豆的产量在P1处理和P2处理下差异不显著,最高产量为1472kg.hm-2,随后随玉米窄行行距的增大而迅速降低,并且与其冠层的透光率和R/Fr比值呈显著和极显著正相关。因此,在玉米-大豆带状套作系统中,将玉米窄行行距控制在20~40cm范围,有利于大豆生长发育的光环境及后期恢复和产量形成。

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