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大豆科学  2015 

不同施肥水平对新疆伊犁有机大豆田杂草群落及作物产量的影响

DOI: 10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2015.03.0449, PP. 449-457

Keywords: 有机肥,有机大豆,杂草群落,多样性,产量

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Abstract:

对不同有机肥施肥水平下新疆伊犁有机大豆田的杂草发生种类、发生量、群落多样性及大豆产量等进行研究与分析。结果表明:有机大豆生育期内共发生杂草10科16种,以双子叶、一年生杂草为主要发生类型。处理N180(纯N180kg?hm-2)、N120(纯N120kg?hm-2)、N60(纯N60kg?hm-2)与对照N0(纯N0kg?hm-2)相比,其发生的杂草种类基本一致;全生育期内4种处理杂草的发生量差异不显著(P<0.05),对其杂草发生量未有影响。苗期和花期,4种处理杂草的群落结构基本一致,均以反枝苋(AmaranthusretroflexusL)、无芒稗(Echinochloacrusgalli(L)Beauvvar-mitis(Pursh)Peterm)和灰黎(ChenopodiumalbumL)3种杂草为优势种,但其优势度或高或低;成熟期,N180、N120处理的杂草群落优势种与苗期、花期的基本一致,N60处理的优势种为反枝苋、无芒稗和稗(Echinochloacrusgalli(L)Beauv);对照的优势种则变为反枝苋、灰黎和稗。4种处理对其杂草群落的丰富度均随采样次数而下降,但对其杂草群落多样性和均匀度未有影响,且对其杂草群落的共有种与相似度表现的随机性比较强。从成本和增产效果等综合因素考虑分析,N120处理的成本相对较低,增产效果较佳。

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