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大豆科学  2015 

坡度和耕作措施对土壤侵蚀及大豆产量的影响

DOI: 10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2015.02.0238, PP. 238-242

Keywords: 坡度,土壤侵蚀,耕作措施,大豆产量

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Abstract:

采用径流小区试验,在克山县粮食沟小流域定位试验站不同坡度(3°和5°)下研究横坡垄作和顺坡垄作两种耕作措施对地表径流、土壤侵蚀及大豆产量的影响,寻求最优推荐措施。结果表明:以克山县近30年降雨数据发生频率为依据,2012年为湿润年型,全年降雨量578.6mm,有效降雨(产生地表径流的降雨)次数为18次,有效降雨量为399.6mm,占全年降雨量的69.1%;3°顺坡垄作和5°顺坡垄作发生径流的临界雨量分别为13.1和11.1mm,有效降雨与3°顺坡垄作和5°顺坡垄作产生径流量的相关系数分别为0.765和0.805,而与3°横坡垄作和5°地埂植物带产生的径流量相关性较弱,相关系数分别为0.109和0.112。与顺坡垄作相比,3°横坡垄作和5°地埂植物带阻水抗蚀效果明显,两处理年径流量分别减少94.3%和95.9%,侵蚀模数降低99.9%和99.8%,3°横坡垄作和5°地埂植物带大豆百粒重分别增加9.3%和21.4%,产量分别增加8.2%和13.4%。

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