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大豆科学  2013 

不同生育时期干旱胁迫对大豆根系特性及产量的影响

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-9841.2013.01.014, PP. 59-67

Keywords: 干旱,产量,根系特性,大豆

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Abstract:

盆栽试验条件下,以辽豆18为材料,分别在V2~R1,R1~R5,R5~R7期设置3个控水处理,控水结束后取样测定根系性状,成熟后测定产量。结果表明:干旱影响大豆产量的形成,干旱(W1)胁迫引起产量下降的程度要高于轻度干旱(W2)。不同时期干旱(W1)引起产量下降程度为:鼓粒期>花荚期>营养生长期。干旱胁迫(W1)主要通过降低大豆的单株荚数从而降低单株产量。大豆的根长比例和根表面积比例主要为根系直径为0~1.0mm的细根,分别约占总根长的90%和总根表面积的60%。大豆根体积的分配比例主要是根系直径大于4.5mm的粗根,其根体积所占比例在48%以上。R1~R5和R5~R7控水大豆细根(根系直径为0~1.0mm)的根长和根表面积分配比例较V2~R1控水时增加。干旱降低了植株中直径大于4.5mm粗根的根长比例、根表面积比例和根体积比例。随着生育进程的推进,根生物量密度逐渐增加,土壤干旱胁迫降低了根生物量密度。

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