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基于标准化降水指数的锡林郭勒盟干旱特征分析

DOI: 10.13577/j.jnd.2015.0514, PP. 119-128

Keywords: 锡林郭勒盟,标准化降水指数(SPI),干旱,评估指标,时空特征

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Abstract:

在全球气候变暖的大背景下,锡林郭勒盟干旱灾害频发,给农牧业生产和人民生活等造成了严重的影响和损失,分析其干旱的时空特征和规律,能为防灾减灾提供借鉴。基于全盟15个气象站点1960-2013年的逐月降水资料,计算了12个月和3个月尺度的标准化降水指数,分析了年度和季节干旱演变规律,并应用主成份分析和空间插值方法分析了干旱的空间特征。结果表明:(1)锡林郭勒盟的年度与季节的干旱均较为频繁且持续时间较长,各尺度干旱频率均为30%左右,干旱等级主要为轻旱和中旱,重旱和特旱频率较低;年度与夏季干旱站次比和干旱强度呈增加和增强趋势,春季、秋季和冬季的干旱站次比和干旱强度呈减少和减轻趋势。(2)前4个特征向量的空间分布与锡林郭勒盟4大类植被覆盖区域基本一致,即农牧交错区、荒漠草原区、典型草原区和草甸草原区,4个区域的干旱时段存在很强的一致性,且均存在干旱化趋势,干旱强度为荒漠草原区>典型草原区>农牧交错区>草甸草原区,4个区域的干旱频率和干旱站次比基本一致。

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