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宋元时期豫西山地丘陵区洪涝灾害时空分布特征

DOI: 10.13577/j.jnd.2015.0507, PP. 57-67

Keywords: 洪涝灾害,时空分布,降水,宋元时期,豫西山地丘陵区

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Abstract:

通过对历史文献资料的整理分析,提取了北宋和元代豫西山地丘陵区的洪涝灾害信息,对比分析了两个时期洪涝灾害发生的时空分布特征。结果表明:(1)宋元时期豫西山地丘陵区洪涝灾害频发,北宋平均3.29a发生1次,元代2.74a发生1次,均以轻中度灾害为主,分别占全部灾害的76.5%和63.2%;受灾类型均以雨灾型为主,其次为河溢型和河决型,北宋3种类型的频次比分别为56.9%,29.4%和13.7%,元代则分别为60.5%,26.3%和13.2%,当地降水是这一地区洪涝灾害发生的根本驱动力。(2)北宋前60a洪涝灾害频发,之后趋于减少,元代则前期少中后期多,季节变化上两个时期均集中于夏秋季节。(3)宋元时期洪涝灾害均主要集中于伊洛河流域中下游地区及黄河干流沿线,但北宋空间不均衡性突出,由西南向东北增多,元代空间差异性则显著减小。(4)极端降水、持续性降水及地理环境因素是造成宋元时期洪涝灾害空间分布差异的重要因素。(5)宋元时期洪涝灾害具有共同的3.2a,7~8a和25~27a的周期,且与现代气候条件下的汛期降水等因素存在不同尺度的响应关系。

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