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草业学报  2010 

内蒙古典型草原小叶锦鸡儿灌丛地上净初级生产力和种群结构对火烧的响应

, PP. 170-178

Keywords: 典型草原,灌丛化,小叶锦鸡儿,火烧

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Abstract:

针对全球范围内由于长期过度放牧引起的草原群落灌丛化问题,本研究以内蒙古锡林河流域小叶锦鸡儿灌丛化的羊草草原为研究对象,通过连续2年的人为控制火烧实验,从株丛和群落2个组织水平研究了火烧对小叶锦鸡儿的影响。结果表明,1)在内蒙古锡林河流域的退化恢复草原群落中,小叶锦鸡儿种群属于增长型的种群,中、小株丛所占的比例较大。实验区内所调查的6588个株丛中,冠幅为0~50cm的株丛占30%,50~150cm的株丛占49%,>150cm的株丛仅占21%;2)在群落水平上,一年火烧和连续2年火烧对小叶锦鸡儿株丛的生长均具有显著的抑制作用,其地上净初级生产力比火烧前分别减少了27%和66%;3)火烧显著地增加了小叶锦鸡儿的枝条密度和茎的生物量分配,减少了叶的生物量分配,使茎叶比由1∶4.4升高为1∶1.1;4)同50~150和>150cm2个冠幅组的大株丛相比,火烧对0~50cm小灌丛影响最为明显,一年火烧和连续2年火烧使其地上净生物量分别下降了57%和60%。实验结果表明,火烧显著地削弱了小叶锦鸡儿的生活力,有效地抑制了其小株丛的生长,对控制灌丛的进一步扩张具有明显的作用。

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