Han D L, He S J, Chen C, et al.The community stability of the mixed grassland with leguminous and gramineous forages[J]. Ecology and Environment Sciences, 2008, 17(5): 1974-1979.
[2]
Hgh-Jensen H, Schjoerring J. Interactions between white clover and ryegrass under contrasting nitrogen availability: N2 fixation, N fertilizer recovery, N transfer and water use efficiency[J]. Plant and Soil, 1997, 197(2): 187-199.
[3]
Jenkins M, Bottomley P. Seasonal response of uninoculated alfalfa to N fertilizer: soil N, nodule turnover, and symbiotic effectiveness of Rhizobium meliloti[J]. Agronomy Journal, 1984, 76(6): 959-963.
[4]
Raun W R, Johnson G V, Phillips S B, et al. Alfalfa yield response to nitrogen applied after each cutting[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1999, 63: 1237-1243.
[5]
Cai G J, Zhang R Z, Chai C S.Effect of fertilization on biomass of alfalfa in returned farmland in semiarid loess hilly area[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2012, 21(5): 204-212.
[6]
Jiang H X, Liu D, Zhai G Y, et al.Effects of fertilizer combinations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on the forage yield of Medicago sativa[J]. Pratacultural Science, 2012, 29(9): 1441-1445.
[7]
Reference：
[8]
Bowren K, Cooke D, Downey R. Yield of dry matter and nitrogen from tops and roots of sweetclover, alfalfa and red clover at five stages of growth[J]. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 1969, 49(1): 61-68.
[9]
Dilz K, Mulder E. Effect of associated growth on yield and nitrogen content of legume and grass plants[J]. Plant and Soil, 1962, 16(2): 229-237.
[10]
Kilcher M, Heinrichs D. The performance of three grasses when grown alone, in mixture with alfalfa, and in alternate rows with alfalfa[J]. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 1958, 38(2): 252-259.
[11]
McCloud D E, Mott G O. Influence of association upon the forage yield of legume-grass mixtures[J]. Agronomy Journal, 1953, 45(2): 61-65.
[12]
Agboola A A, Fayemi A A. Fixation and excretion of nitrogen by tropical legumes[J]. Agronomy Journal, 1972, 64(4): 409-412.
[13]
Eaglesham A, Ayanaba A, Rao V R, et al. Improving the nitrogen nutrition of maize by intercropping with cowpea[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 1981, 13(2): 169.
[14]
Hamilton R, Scholl J, Pope A. Performance of three grass species grown alone and with alfalfa under intensive pasture management: Animal and plant response[J]. Agronomy Journal, 1969, 61(3): 357-361.
[15]
Whitehead D C. Grassland Nitrogen[M]. Cab International, 1995.
[16]
TEKEL〖AKI·〗 S, Ate E. Yield potential and mineral composition of white clover (Trifolium repens L.)-tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) mixtures[J]. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 2005, 6(1): 27-34
[17]
Xie K Y, Zhao Y , Li X L, et al.Relationships between grasses and legumes in mixed grassland: a review[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2013, 22(3): 284-296.
[18]
Ledgard S F, Steele K W. Biological nitrogen fixation in mixed legume/grass pastures[J]. Plant and Soil, 1992, 141(1): 137-153.
[19]
Schipanski M E, Drinkwater L E. Nitrogen fixation in annual and perennial legume-grass mixtures across a fertility gradient[J]. Plant and Soil, 2012, 357(1-2): 147-159.
[20]
Zhang X H, Zhu J Z, Mu X Y, et al. Study on the planting effect of the mixed grassland with five kinds of Leguminous and Gramineous Forages under the different sowing patterns[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2012, 49(6): 1142-1147.
[21]
Fan F, Xu C J, Zhang Q G, et al. Study on relativity between alfalfa's yields and nutrition constituent effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer[J]. Soils and Fertilizers Sciences in China, 2011, (2): 51-56.
[22]
Fishbeck K A, Phillips D A. Combined nitrogen and vegetative regrowth of symbiotically-grown alfalfa[J]. Agronomy Journal, 1981, 73(6): 975-978.
[23]
Ma X, Wang L L, Li W J, et al. Effects of different nitrogen levels on nitrogen fixation and seed production of alfalfa inoculated with rhizobia[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2013, 22(1): 95-102.
[24]
Peters E, Stritzke J. Herbicides and nitrogen fertilizer for the establishment of three varieties of spring-sown alfalfa[J]. Agronomy Journal, 1970, 62(2): 259-262.
[25]
Guo H M, Yu L, Lin X Q.Effect of fertilization on growth performance of alfalfa/Smooth bromegrass mixture sward in oasis[J]. Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science), 2009, 27(1): 46-50.
[26]
Haynes R. Competitive aspects of the grass-legume association[J]. Advances in Agronomy, 1980, 33: 227-261.
[27]
Wit C D, Van den Bergh J. Competition between herbage plants[J]. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science, 1965, 13: 212-221.
[28]
Hector A, Schmid B, Beierkuhnlein C,et al. Plant diversity and productivity experiments in European grasslands[J]. Science, 1999, 286: 1123-1127.
[29]
Hector A, Bazeley-White E, Loreau M, et al. Over yielding in grassland communities: testing the sampling effect hypothesis with replicated biodiversity experiments[J]. Ecology Letters, 2002, 5(4): 502-511.
[30]
Herridge D F, Peoples M B, Boddey R M. Global inputs of biological nitrogen fixation in agricultural systems[J]. Plant and Soil, 2008, 311(1-2): 1-18.
[31]
Sturludóttir E. Forage Quality and Yield in Grass-Legume Mixtures in Northern Europe and Canada[D]. University of Iceland, Reykiavik, 2011.
[32]
Trenbeith B. Biomass productivity of mixtures[J]. Advances in Agronomy, 1975, 26: 177.
[33]
Cardinale B J, Wright J P, Cadotte M W, et al. Impacts of plant diversity on biomass production increase through time because of species complementarity[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2007, 104(46): 18123-18128.
[34]
Fornara D, Tilman D. Plant functional composition influences rates of soil carbon and nitrogen accumulation[J]. Journal of Ecology, 2008, 96(2): 314-322.
[35]
Haby V A, Stout S A, Hons F M, et al. Nitrogen fixation and transfer in a mixed stand of alfalfa and bermuda grass[J]. Agronomy Journal, 2006, 98(4): 890-898.
[36]
Tomm G O, Walley F L, van Kessel C, et al. Nitrogen cycling in an alfalfa and bromegrass sward via litterfall and harvest losses[J]. Agronomy Journal, 1995, 87(6): 1078-1085.
[37]
Vitousek P M, Cassman K, Cleveland C, et al. Towards an ecological understanding of biological nitrogen fixation[J]. Biogeochemistry, 2002, 57(1): 1-45.
[38]
Carlsson G, Palmborg C, Jumpponen A, et al. N2 fixation in three perennial Trifolium species in experimental grasslands of varied plant species richness and composition[J]. Plant Ecology, 2009, 205(1): 87-104.
[39]
Nesheim L, Boller B. Nitrogen fixation by white clover when competing with grasses at moderately low temperatures[J]. Plant and Soil, 1991, 133(1): 47-56.
[40]
Woledge J, Davidson K, Dennis W. Growth and photosynthesis of tall and short cultivars of white clover with tall and short grasses[J]. Grass and Forage Science, 1992, 47(3): 230-238.
[41]
参考文献：
[42]
Bowren K, Cooke D, Downey R. Yield of dry matter and nitrogen from tops and roots of sweetclover, alfalfa and red clover at five stages of growth[J]. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 1969, 49(1): 61-68.
[43]
Dilz K, Mulder E. Effect of associated growth on yield and nitrogen content of legume and grass plants[J]. Plant and Soil, 1962, 16(2): 229-237.
[44]
Kilcher M, Heinrichs D. The performance of three grasses when grown alone, in mixture with alfalfa, and in alternate rows with alfalfa[J]. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 1958, 38(2): 252-259.
[45]
McCloud D E, Mott G O. Influence of association upon the forage yield of legume-grass mixtures[J]. Agronomy Journal, 1953, 45(2): 61-65.
[46]
Agboola A A, Fayemi A A. Fixation and excretion of nitrogen by tropical legumes[J]. Agronomy Journal, 1972, 64(4): 409-412.
[47]
Eaglesham A, Ayanaba A, Rao V R,et al. Improving the nitrogen nutrition of maize by intercropping with cowpea[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 1981, 13(2): 169.
[48]
Hamilton R, Scholl J, Pope A. Performance of three grass species grown alone and with alfalfa under intensive pasture management: Animal and plant response[J]. Agronomy Journal, 1969, 61(3): 357-361.
[49]
Whitehead D C. Grassland Nitrogen[M]. Cab International, 1995.
[50]
TEKEL〖AKI·〗 S, Ate塁 E. Yield potential and mineral composition of white clover (Trifolium repens L.)-tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) mixtures[J]. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 2005, 6(1): 27-34
Ledgard S F, Steele K W. Biological nitrogen fixation in mixed legume/grass pastures[J]. Plant and Soil, 1992, 141(1): 137-153.
[53]
Schipanski M E, Drinkwater L E. Nitrogen fixation in annual and perennial legume-grass mixtures across a fertility gradient[J]. Plant and Soil, 2012, 357(1-2): 147-159.
Hgh-Jensen H, Schjoerring J. Interactions between white clover and ryegrass under contrasting nitrogen availability: N2 fixation, N fertilizer recovery, N transfer and water use efficiency[J]. Plant and Soil, 1997, 197(2): 187-199.
[57]
Jenkins M, Bottomley P. Seasonal response of uninoculated alfalfa to N fertilizer: soil N, nodule turnover, and symbiotic effectiveness of Rhizobium meliloti[J]. Agronomy Journal, 1984, 76(6): 959-963.
[58]
Raun W R, Johnson G V, Phillips S B,et al. Alfalfa yield response to nitrogen applied after each cutting[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1999, 63: 1237-1243.
Peters E, Stritzke J. Herbicides and nitrogen fertilizer for the establishment of three varieties of spring-sown alfalfa[J]. Agronomy Journal, 1970, 62(2): 259-262.
Haynes R. Competitive aspects of the grass-legume association[J]. Advances in Agronomy, 1980, 33: 227-261.
[67]
Wit C D, Van den Bergh J. Competition between herbage plants[J]. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science, 1965, 13: 212-221.
[68]
Hector A, Schmid B, Beierkuhnlein C,et al. Plant diversity and productivity experiments in European grasslands[J]. Science, 1999, 286: 1123-1127.
[69]
Hector A, Bazeley-White E, Loreau M,et al. Over yielding in grassland communities: testing the sampling effect hypothesis with replicated biodiversity experiments[J]. Ecology Letters, 2002, 5(4): 502-511.
[70]
Herridge D F, Peoples M B, Boddey R M. Global inputs of biological nitrogen fixation in agricultural systems[J]. Plant and Soil, 2008, 311(1-2): 1-18.
[71]
Sturludóttir E. Forage Quality and Yield in Grass-Legume Mixtures in Northern Europe and Canada[D]. University of Iceland, Reykiavik, 2011.
[72]
Trenbeith B. Biomass productivity of mixtures[J]. Advances in Agronomy, 1975, 26: 177.
[73]
Cardinale B J, Wright J P, Cadotte M W,et al. Impacts of plant diversity on biomass production increase through time because of species complementarity[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2007, 104(46): 18123-18128.
[74]
Fornara D, Tilman D. Plant functional composition influences rates of soil carbon and nitrogen accumulation[J]. Journal of Ecology, 2008, 96(2): 314-322.
[75]
Haby V A, Stout S A, Hons F M,et al. Nitrogen fixation and transfer in a mixed stand of alfalfa and bermuda grass[J]. Agronomy Journal, 2006, 98(4): 890-898.
[76]
Tomm G O, Walley F L, van Kessel C,et al. Nitrogen cycling in an alfalfa and bromegrass sward via litterfall and harvest losses[J]. Agronomy Journal, 1995, 87(6): 1078-1085.
[77]
Vitousek P M, Cassman K, Cleveland C,et al. Towards an ecological understanding of biological nitrogen fixation[J]. Biogeochemistry, 2002, 57(1): 1-45.
[78]
Carlsson G, Palmborg C, Jumpponen A,et al. N2 fixation in three perennial Trifolium species in experimental grasslands of varied plant species richness and composition[J]. Plant Ecology, 2009, 205(1): 87-104.
[79]
Nesheim L, Boller B. Nitrogen fixation by white clover when competing with grasses at moderately low temperatures[J]. Plant and Soil, 1991, 133(1): 47-56.
[80]
Woledge J, Davidson K, Dennis W. Growth and photosynthesis of tall and short cultivars of white clover with tall and short grasses[J]. Grass and Forage Science, 1992, 47(3): 230-238.
