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草业学报  2014 

西藏不同饲草全混合日粮发酵品质和有氧稳定性的研究

DOI: 10.11686/cyxb20140612, PP. 95-102

Keywords: 发酵TMR,发酵品质,营养品质,有氧稳定性

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Abstract:

为了充分利用西藏的农作物秸秆和饲草资源,本试验在当地奶牛场采用的以全株玉米和青稞秸秆为主要粗饲料的TMR配方基础上,用苜蓿、全株燕麦和小麦秸秆按不同比例替代全株玉米。青贮发酵45d后评定各组发酵品质、营养特性和有氧稳定性。结果表明,发酵45d后,TMR-2、TMR-3和TMR-4组pH值显著高于TMR-1(P<0.05),乳酸含量均低于TMR-1,但各替代组仅检测到微量丙酸和丁酸含量,且氨态氮/总氮较低,表明各组发酵品质均良好。发酵后各组水溶性碳水化合物含量均有大幅度下降,除TMR-1组外,其他3组干物质含量基本不变,粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和粗脂肪等营养物质含量不同程度增加,其中TMR-2和TMR-3组粗蛋白含量高于15%,能够满足改良奶牛的营养需要。在有氧暴露过程中,各组乳酸、乙酸和水溶性碳水化合物含量均出现不同程度的下降,丙酸和丁酸含量在有氧暴露第3天均有升高,之后逐渐下降。在有氧暴露9d中,pH值均呈上升趋势,其中TMR-3组pH值上升幅度最小,其有氧稳定性最好。综上所述,虽然TMR-3发酵品质略低于TMR-1组,但其有氧稳定性有所提高,因此,TMR-3组可应用于生产实际中。

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