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草业学报  2014 

加拿大一枝黄花水提液对玉米幼苗生长的化感作用及其机理

DOI: 10.11686/cyxb20140626, PP. 217-224

Keywords: 加拿大一枝黄花,低促高抑,生长,资源分配

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Abstract:

植物化感物质普遍存在对其他植物生长的“低促高抑”现象,可能和植物对叶片资源投入或者单位叶面积光合能力有关。实验以具有较强化感作用的加拿大一枝黄花为材料,研究其提取物对玉米幼苗生长、光合能力和叶片资源分配的影响。结果表明,不同水提液浓度(0.00~0.25g/mL)对玉米幼苗生长(总根长、株高、总叶面积和总叶长)存在着显著的影响(P<0.05),与对照处理(0.00g/mL)相比,0.02~0.11g/mL内各浓度处理对玉米幼苗的茎、叶和根的生长和总生物量的积累都有促进效应,而在0.13~0.25g/mL内各浓度处理有抑制效应。不同浓度水提液处理对比叶面积和叶面积率有着相似的“低促高抑”效应(P<0.05),低浓度处理玉米幼苗对光合同化组织的资源投入增加,比叶面积和叶面积率提高,而叶生物量分配则无显著变化(P>0.05)。处理1~3d内,具有最大生长促进效应的0.02g/mL处理和最大生长抑制效应的0.20g/mL处理与对照处理的玉米幼苗最大净光合速率和表观量子效率没有显著差异(P>0.05)。不同浓度处理条件下,玉米幼苗生物量与比叶面积和叶面积率呈极显著正相关(P<0.001),这说明加拿大一枝黄花水提液对玉米幼苗生长的影响是通过改变对叶片资源投入,特别是叶面积生长的投入,而不是通过单位叶面积光合能力变化所导致的。低浓度化感物质对玉米幼苗生长的促进可能是细胞伸展性增强的结果。不同浓度化感物质可能是化感作用感知受体植物胁迫能力的一种信号,因此具有一定的生态适应意义。

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