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草业学报  2014 

氮高效利用基因型水稻干物质生产和氮素积累特性

DOI: 10.11686/cyxb20140639, PP. 327-335

Keywords: 水稻,氮高效利用基因型,干物质量,氮素积累量,氮素利用效率

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Abstract:

采用土培试验,研究氮高效利用基因型水稻不同生育阶段干物质生产特性和氮素积累特征,并探讨其与产量和氮素利用效率关系。结果表明,1)高效基因型水稻在保证高产的同时也具有较高的氮素利用效率,产量为低效基因型的1.74~2.37倍,氮素籽粒生产效率较低效基因型高23.97%~70.55%。2)高效基因型干物质量积累高峰期出现在抽穗-成熟阶段,而低效基因型出现在分蘖-拔节阶段;高效基因型干物质量在分蘖-拔节、拔节-抽穗、抽穗-成熟阶段分别是低效基因型的1.12,1.49和5.85倍,差异显著。3)高效基因型在分蘖期(移栽后32d)进入氮素高速积累时期,并在48d时积累速率达到最高(美国谷、IR31892-100-3-3-3、IRIT216分别为11.32,12.36和15.83mg/d·株),且持续时间长达49d;而低效基因型也是在分蘖期进入氮素高积累时期,并在37d时积累速率达到最高(加早935、IR32429分别为9.31和7.25mg/d·株),但维持高积累速率的时间较高效基因型短12d。4)抽穗-成熟阶段水稻干物质量和氮素积累量对产量的影响程度最大,贡献率分别为62.65%和47.42%;对氮素籽粒生产效率的贡献率分别为14.51%和8.77%,对氮素收获指数的贡献率分别为22.14%和15.90%。表明,抽穗至成熟期水稻干物质积累和氮素的积累与产量和氮素利用效率的提高关系密切,分蘖至抽穗期是水稻氮素营养管理的关键阶段。

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