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草业学报  2014 

基于数码相机的草地植被盖度测量方法对比研究

DOI: 10.11686/cyxb20140603, PP. 20-27

Keywords: 数字照相,草地,覆盖度,方法,精度

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Abstract:

草地植被盖度是表征生态系统植被生长状况及环境质量的重要参数。在草地植物群落野外调查中,可以利用数码相机拍摄草地样方照片,而后在室内利用图像处理软件进行自动或半自动的植被盖度测量。随着移动智能设备(如iPhone/iPAD或各类AndroidPhone/PAD)的快速发展和普及,野外实时获取草地样方照片,同步计算草地植被盖度,并与有关遥感反演参数产品作校验对比分析,将成为未来地学移动测量和研究的重要方向。本研究在总结梳理既有利用数码相机识别植被盖度方法的基础上,设计了低覆盖、中低覆盖、中等覆盖、中高覆盖、高覆盖5种不同植被盖度情景,以及从早上6:00到下午6:00、每隔2h一次、全天共7次不同光照环境下的照相方案。继而以Photoshop人工勾勒和测算方法为基准,选择RGB阈值法、RGB决策树法、HSV判别法3种自动测量方法开展对比研究。测量结果的对比分析表明,草地盖度变化对RGB阈值法和HSV判别法的盖度识别精度无明显规律性影响,RGB决策树的盖度识别精度随着草地盖度的增加而增加;光照强度越强,RGB阈值法和HSV判别法对同一草地样方估算的盖度值越小,RGB决策树法估算的盖度值随光照强度的变化没有固定的规律。总体上讲,RGB阈值法和HSV判别法的识别精度较高,RGB决策树法误判率较高,但后者可以识别出非绿色的植物茎、花朵。最后提出了在现有绿色植被像元识别方法的基础上,结合边缘检查算法等图形像素的统计学特征分析方法,能进一步提高草地植被盖度测量的准确率。

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