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草业学报  2014 

植物光呼吸途径研究进展

DOI: 10.11686/cyxb20140439, PP. 322-329

Keywords: 光呼吸途径,生理功能,基因克隆

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Abstract:

光呼吸是和光合作用密切相关的一个过程,它起始于光合作用碳固定阶段的第1个酶,1,5-二磷酸核酮糖(RuBP)羧化/加氧酶的加氧反应。RuBP加氧生成2-磷酸乙醇酸,这是一种对光合作用有抑制作用的物质,通过光呼吸可以转化成3-磷酸甘油酸(3-PGA),作为卡尔文循环的底物被利用。由于这一过程释放CO2及NH3,消耗还原力NADPH和能量ATP,因此被认为是不利于光合作用的一个浪费能量的过程。但光呼吸也有其有利的一面。在强光下,光呼吸可以通过调节电子传递、消耗能量等方式,减轻由于光能过剩造成的光抑制及光氧化对光合机构的伤害。对光呼吸途径基因的克隆,有助于更好地了解光呼吸的生理功能,并通过对基因的修饰,达到调控光呼吸的目的,使作物增产。在这里,本文就关于光呼吸的途径、生理功能、基因克隆及光呼吸调控几个方面的内容做了综述。

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