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草业学报  2014 

不同水分条件下冬小麦灌浆期茎叶可溶性碳水化合物积累转运与籽粒灌浆的关系

DOI: 10.11686/cyxb20140408, PP. 68-78

Keywords: 小麦,干旱胁迫,可溶性碳水化合物,积累转运,籽粒灌浆

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Abstract:

以抗旱性有显著差异的两个冬小麦品种为材料,在干旱胁迫和正常灌溉条件下,研究了小麦灌浆期主茎旗叶和不同节位可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)积累转运与籽粒灌浆的关系。结果表明,小麦不同器官WSC含量,WSC转运率、WSC贡献率、主穗粒重和灌浆速率均受水分环境、发育阶段和/或器官更为显著的调控,但不同因子对各性状表型影响具有显著的特异性。小麦灌浆期不同器官WSC含量均呈现先升后降趋势。在干旱胁迫条件下,抗旱品种陇鉴19不同器官WSC含量峰值时间与正常灌溉相同,均在花后18d,而水分敏感品种Q9086在花后12d。干旱胁迫显著提高了不同器官WSC含量,促进了花前WSC转运,及其对籽粒粒重的贡献,其效应在陇鉴19主茎穗下节和倒二节更为显著,其WSC含量分别高达196.83和242.35mg/gDW,WSC转运率高达66.15%和63.21%,WSC贡献率高达12.48%和8.67%。干旱胁迫缩短了籽粒灌浆进程,但陇鉴19较Q9086仍保持较高的灌浆速率和较大主穗粒重。小麦不同器官WSC含量与主穗灌浆速率以及WSC转运率与贡献率均呈正相关,且在干旱胁迫条件下,这种相关性更高。说明,干旱胁迫能促进小麦各器官WSC积累和转运,尤其是花前在穗下节和倒二节积累更多的WSC对补偿籽粒灌浆具有重要作用。

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