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草业学报  2014 

重金属离子对2种草坪草荧光特性及根系形态的影响

DOI: 10.11686/cyxb20140339, PP. 333-342

Keywords: 重金属离子,高羊茅,多年生黑麦草,叶绿素荧光特性,根系形态

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Abstract:

以高羊茅和多年生黑麦草为试验材料,分别设置Cd2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Pb2+不同浓度处理,研究4种重金属离子对其荧光特性及根系形态的影响。结果表明,高羊茅在4种重金属离子处理下,其最大量子产量(Fv/Fm)值均低于对照,说明高羊茅在受到重金属离子胁迫后,其PSⅡ活性受到伤害;多年生黑麦草在Cd2+不同浓度处理下,其Fv/Fm值均略高于对照,但差异不显著,说明Cd2+胁迫对多年生黑麦草的PSⅡ系统的活性影响不大;但是Cu2+和Zn2+浓度分别达到500mg/kg及以上时,对多年生黑麦草Fv/Fm值影响较大,均显著低于对照;同时,多年生黑麦草还表现出低浓度Zn2+促进PSⅡ系统活性的作用,但随着浓度升高,表现出对PSⅡ系统越来越强的抑制作用;在4种重金属离子不同浓度处理下,2种草坪草的光化学淬灭系数(qP)和电子传递速率(ETR)值均低于对照,说明其光合活性和电子传递效率均受到影响;经过4种重金属离子处理后,除部分离子低浓度处理外,高羊茅总根长、根表面积、总分叉数和总根尖数均显著低于对照,并且有随着离子处理浓度升高而逐渐降低的趋势;多年生黑麦草根系则表现出对低浓度重金属离子抗性较强,对高浓度重离子抗性较差,并且也有随浓度升高而不断降低的趋势。

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