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草业学报  2014 

不同氮用量下小麦/玉米/大豆周年体系的干物质积累和产量变化

DOI: 10.11686/cyxb20140110, PP. 73-83

Keywords: 小麦,玉米,大豆,套作体系,氮肥,干物质,籽粒产量

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Abstract:

通过2011,2012连续两年田间定位试验,研究了“小麦/玉米/大豆”套作体系在不同氮用量下(小麦,0,60,120,180,240kgN/hm2,记为WN1、WN2、WN3、WN4、WN5;玉米,0,97.5,195,292.5,390kgN/hm2,记为MN1、MN2、MN3、MN4、MN5;大豆SN1、SN2、SN3、SN4、SN5)的干物质积累和产量变化。结果表明,施氮显著提高了作物地上部干物质积累量和籽粒产量(P<0.01)。小麦各时期的干物质积累量和籽粒产量都随氮用量增加而呈增大趋势,收获期干物质积累量以WN4处理最高,为20610kg/hm2,产量以WN5处理最高,为8176kg/hm2,但WN3、WN4、WN5间无显著差异。玉米拔节期、喇叭口期和吐丝期的干物质积累量随氮用量增加而先增大后减小,在MN3时达最大;玉米成熟期干物质积累量和产量随氮用量增加而增大,在MN5处理最高,分别为13143kg/hm2和6976kg/hm2,但MN4、MN5间差异不显著。大豆在盛花期、收获期的干物质积累和籽粒产量随氮用量增加而呈先减少再增大的变化趋势,收获期干物质积累和籽粒产量以SN4处理最高,分别为5457kg/hm2和1977kg/hm2,但MN4、MN5间差异不显著。小麦/玉米/大豆周年体系的总籽粒产量和产值随氮用量增加而增大,在N5处理最高,分别为11959kg/hm2和27288元/hm2,但总产值减去氮投入的产值效益在N4时最高,为25196元/hm2,N3、N4、N5间无显著差异。小麦、玉米、大豆的产值占体系周年总产值的比重分别为32%,55%,13%,因此,小麦/玉米/大豆周年体系中玉米为主要作物,其次是小麦,再次是大豆。适宜施氮量小麦为120kg/hm2,玉米为195~292.5kg/hm2,大豆可据苗情不施或适当追施氮肥,周年体系氮肥用量应为255~382.5kg/hm2。

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