河北省土壤肥料总站. 土壤速效氮的测定 DB13 T 843- 2007[S]. 石家庄： 河北省质量技术监督局, 2007.
[2]
Reference:
[3]
Arroyo M T K, Cavieres L A, Penaloza A, et al. Positive association between the cushion plant Azorella monantha(Apiaceae) and alpine plant species in the Chilean Patagonian Andes[J]. Plant Ecology, 2003, 161: 121-129.
Cavieres L A, Quiroz C L, Molina-Montenegro M A, et al. Nurse effect of the native cushion plant Azorella monanthaon the invasive non-native Taraxacum officinale in the high-Andes of central Chile[J]. Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics, 2005, 7: 217-226.
[6]
Badano E I, Jones C G, Cavieres L A, et al. Assessing impacts of ecosystem engineers on community organization: A general approach illustrated by effects of a high-Andean cushion plant[J]. Oikos, 2006, 115: 369-385.
[7]
Badano E I, Cavieres L A. Ecosystem engineering across ecosystems: do engineer species sharing common features have generalized or idiosyncratic effects on species diversity[J]. Journal of Biogeography, 2006, 33: 304-313.
[8]
Cavieres L A, Badano E I, Sierra-Almeidaand A, et al. Microclimatic modifications of cushion plants and their consequences for seedling survival of native and non-native herbaceous species in the high Andes of central Chile[J]. Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research, 2007, 39: 229-236.
[9]
Li B S, Wang J T, Li S Y. The floristic features and geographic distribution of the cushion plants in Xizang[J]. Mountain Research, 1987, 5(1): 14-20.
[10]
Huang R F. The cushion plant in the hoh xil area of Qinghai[J]. Acta Botanica Sinica, 1994, 36(2): 130-137.
[11]
Huang R F, Wang W Y. Cushion plants flora of the qinghai-tibet plateau, and cushion plant community succession[J]. Acta Biologica Plateau Sinica, 1991, (10): 15-26.
[12]
Li B S, Zhang J W, Wang J T, et al. The alpine cushion vegetation of Tibet[J]. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 1985, 27(3): 311-317.
[13]
Qin Z Y, Xie W Z. Observations on the morphology and ecology of the cushion plants in togme region of northern Tibet[J]. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 1980, 22(2): 177-181.
[14]
Zhang S Y, Bai X F, Ma Z Y. Comparison of three cushion plants physiological basis of cold[J]. Acta Biologica Plateau Sinica, 1987，(6): 165-170.
[15]
Wang W Y, Huang R F. The most intensive cushion plant anatomy and its relationship with ecological environment analysis[J]. Acta Biologica Plateau Sinica, 1991, (10): 27-37.
[16]
Krner Ch, De Moraes J. Water potential and diffusion resistance in alpine cushion plants on clear summer days[J]. Oecologia Plantarum, 1979, 14: 109-120.
[17]
Cavieres L A, Penaloza A P G, Papic C, et al. Efecto nodriza de Laretia acaulis en plantas de la zona andina de Chile central[J]. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 1998, 71: 337-347.
[18]
Cavieres L A, Badano E I, Sierra-Almeida A, et al. Positive interactions between alpine plant species and the nurse cushion plant Laretia acaulis do not increase with elevation in the Andes of central Chile[J]. New Phytologist, 2006, 169: 59-69.
[19]
Núez C, Aizen M, Ezcurra C. Species associations and nurse plant effect in patches of high-Andean vegetation[J]. Journal of Vegetation Science, 1999, 10: 357-364.
[20]
Hager J, Faggi A M. Observaciones sobre distribución ymicroclima de cojines enanos de la isla de Cretay del noroeste de la Patagonia[J]. Parodiana, 1990, 6: 109-127.
[21]
Qian Y R, Yang F, Yu J, et al. Vegetation index feature and spatial-temporal process analysis of desert grassland in the Fukang area of Xinjiang[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2013, 22(3): 25-32.
[22]
He Y T, Shi P L, Yan W. Ecosystem engineering of cushion plants in alpine plant community :A review[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2010, 29(6): 1221-1227.
[23]
Qin Z Y, Xie W Z. Observations on the morphology and ecology of the cushion plants in togme region of northern Tibet[J]. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 1980, 22(2): 177-181.
[24]
Feng Q S, Xiu L N, Liang T G. Distribution of the existing natural vegetation in China based on CSCS[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2013, 22(3): 16-24.
[25]
Francesco de Bello, Jiǐí Doleal, Miroslav Dvorsk, et al. Cushions of Thylacospermum caespitosum(Caryophyllaceae) do not facilitate other plants under extreme altitude and dry conditions in the north-west Himalayas[J]. Annals of Botany, 2011, 108: 567-573.
[26]
Flora of China Editorial Committee of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Flora of China(26Volume)[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1997: 251.
[27]
Flora of China Editorial Committee of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Flora of China(26Volume)[M]. Beijing: Science Press,, 1997: 28.
[28]
Liu N F, Zhang H C, Dou Z G. Synthetical Scientific Investigation on Yanchiwan Nationalreserve in Gansu Province[M]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University Press, 2010.
[29]
Chinese Academy of Forestry Research Institute of Forestry forest soil. Collection and preparation of forest soil samples LY / T 1210-1999[S]. Beijing: China Standard Press, 1999.
[30]
Chinese Academy of Forestry Research Institute of Forestry forest soil. Determination of forest soil nitrogen LY / T 1228-1999[S]. Beijing: China Standard Press, 1999.
[31]
Chinese Academy of Forestry Research Institute of Forestry forest soil. Determination of total phosphorus in forest soil LY / T 1232-1999[S]. Beijing: China Standard Press, 1999.
[32]
Chinese Academy of Forestry Research Institute of Forestry forest soil. Determination of forest soil total potassium LY / T 1234-1999[S]. Beijing: China Standard Press, 1999.
[33]
Chinese Academy of Forestry Research Institute of Forestry forest soil. Determination of forest soil K LY / T 1236-1999[S]. Beijing: China Standard Press, 1999.
[34]
Soil and Fertilizer Station of Hebei Province. Determination of soil available nitrogen DB13 T 843- 2007[S]. Shijiazhuan： Quality and Technical Supervision, Hebei Province, 2007.
[35]
Chinese Academy of Forestry Research Institute of Forestry forest soil. Determination of forest soil available phosphorus LY / T 1233-1999[S]. Beijing: China Standard Press, 1999.
[36]
Chinese Academy of Forestry Research Institute of Forestry forest soil. Determination of forest soil organic matter is calculated and carbon-nitrogen ratio of LY / T 1237-1999[S]. Beijing: China Standard Press, 1999.
[37]
Chinese Academy of Forestry Research Institute of Forestry forest soil. Forest soil moisture - physical property measurements LY / T 1215-1999[S]. Beijing: China Standard Press, 1999.
[38]
Li H, Fan S F, Zhang G C, et al. Characteristics of soil water-holding and soil porosity under different tree species after conversion of cropland to forest in the loss hilly region[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2010, 30(1): 27-30.
[39]
Cavieres L A, Arroyo M T K, Penaloza A, et al. Nurse effect of Bolax gummifera cushion plants in the alpine vegetation of the Chilean Patagonian Andes[J]. Journal of Vegetation Science, 2002, 13: 547-554.
[40]
Belsky A J. Influences of trees on savanna productivity: tests of shade, nutrient and tree-grass competition[J]. Ecology, 1994, 75: 922-932.
[41]
Schlesinger W H, Raikes J A, Hartley A E, et al. On the spatial pattern of soil nutrients in desert ecosystems[J]. Ecology, 1996, 77:364-374.
[42]
Schlesinger W H, Reynolds J F, Cunningham G L, et al. Biological feedbacks in global desertification[J]. Science, 1990, 247: 1043-1048.
[43]
Ridolfi L, Laio F, D’Odorico D. Fertility island formation and evolution in dryland ecosystems[J]. Ecology and Society, 2008, 13(1): 5-17.
[44]
Yu F Z, Li B J, You H M, et al. Study on spatial-temporal changes on undergrowth the plantation bullk density and soil porpsity of Quanshan nature reserve in Xuzhou[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2007, 14(6): 164-166.
[45]
Wang S C, Wang Y L, Xu H, et al. Soil physical-chemistry characteristic and correlation analysis of different vegetation restoration modes in semiarid hilly and gully region[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreall-occidentalis Sinica, 2009, 18(1): 295-299.
[46]
Forbis T A. Seedling demography in an alpine ecosystem[J]. American Journal of Botany, 2003, 90: 1197-1206.
[47]
参考文献：
[48]
Arroyo M T K, Cavieres L A, Penaloza A,et al. Positive association between the cushion plant Azorella monantha (Apiaceae) and alpine plant species in the Chilean Patagonian Andes[J]. Plant Ecology, 2003, 161: 121-129.
Cavieres L A, Quiroz C L, Molina-Montenegro M A,et al. Nurse effect of the native cushion plant Azorella monantha on the invasive non-native Taraxacum officinale in the high-Andes of central Chile[J]. Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics, 2005, 7: 217-226.
[51]
Badano E I, Jones C G, Cavieres L A,et al. Assessing impacts of ecosystem engineers on community organization: A general approach illustrated by effects of a high-Andean cushion plant[J]. Oikos, 2006, 115: 369-385.
[52]
Badano E I, Cavieres L A. Ecosystem engineering across ecosystems: do engineer species sharing common features have generalized or idiosyncratic effects on species diversity[J]. Journal of Biogeography, 2006, 33: 304-313.
[53]
Cavieres L A, Badano E I, Sierra-Almeidaand A,et al. Microclimatic modifications of cushion plants and their consequences for seedling survival of native and non-native herbaceous species in the high Andes of central Chile[J]. Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research, 2007, 39: 229-236.
Krner Ch, De Moraes J. Water potential and diffusion resistance in alpine cushion plants on clear summer days[J]. Oecologia Plantarum, 1979, 14: 109-120.
[62]
Cavieres L A, Penaloza A P G, Papic C,et al. Efecto nodriza de Laretia acaulis en plantas de la zona andina de Chile central[J]. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 1998, 71: 337-347.
[63]
Cavieres L A, Badano E I, Sierra-Almeida A,et al. Positive interactions between alpine plant species and the nurse cushion plant Laretia acaulis do not increase with elevation in the Andes of central Chile[J]. New Phytologist, 2006, 169: 59-69.
[64]
Núez C, Aizen M, Ezcurra C. Species associations and nurse plant effect in patches of high-Andean vegetation[J]. Journal of Vegetation Science, 1999, 10: 357-364.
[65]
Hager J, Faggi A M. Observaciones sobre distribución ymicroclima de cojines enanos de la isla de Cretay del noroeste de la Patagonia[J]. Parodiana, 1990, 6: 109-127.
Francesco de Bello, Jiǐí Doleal, Miroslav Dvorsk,et al. Cushions of Thylacospermum caespitosum (Caryophyllaceae) do not facilitate other plants under extreme altitude and dry conditions in the north-west Himalayas[J]. Annals of Botany, 2011, 108: 567-573.
Cavieres L A, Arroyo M T K, Penaloza A,et al. Nurse effect of Bolax gummifera cushion plants in the alpine vegetation of the Chilean Patagonian Andes[J]. Journal of Vegetation Science, 2002, 13: 547-554.
[84]
Belsky A J. Influences of trees on savanna productivity: tests of shade, nutrient and tree-grass competition[J]. Ecology, 1994, 75: 922-932.
[85]
Schlesinger W H, Raikes J A, Hartley A E,et al. On the spatial pattern of soil nutrients in desert ecosystems[J]. Ecology, 1996, 77:364-374.
[86]
Schlesinger W H, Reynolds J F, Cunningham G L,et al. Biological feedbacks in global desertification[J]. Science, 1990, 247: 1043-1048.
[87]
Ridolfi L, Laio F, D’Odorico D. Fertility island formation and evolution in dryland ecosystems[J]. Ecology and Society, 2008, 13(1): 5-17.
