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草业学报  2015 

磷肥用量对石灰性紫色土壤油麦菜产量、品质和养分形态的影响

DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2014462, PP. 183-193

Keywords: 石灰性紫色土,磷肥,油麦菜,产量,品质

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Abstract:

通过大田试验研究了两种磷含量石灰性紫色菜园土不同磷(0,45,90,135,180,270kg/hm2)施肥水平对油麦菜产量、品质和养分形态的影响。结果表明,两个试验点施用磷肥均能显著提高油麦菜产量,增产率分别为9.5%~26.7%和8.1%~21.3%,均以P4(180kgP2O5/hm2)最高,且施用磷肥对油麦菜的增产效果以试验点1(含湖村)优于试验点2(含金村)。磷肥施用量与油麦菜产量存在极显著的二次回归关系,试验点1油麦菜最高产量和经济最佳产量施磷量为219和215kg/hm2,试验点2为195和191kg/hm2。试验点1各处理维生素C、氨基酸和可溶性糖含量均呈下降趋势,以P2降幅最大(达15.8%,27.8%和14.0%),而硝酸盐含量呈上升趋势;试验点2各处理油麦菜维生素C含量呈上升趋势,以P4、P5增幅较大(为6.3%和20.4%),氨基酸和可溶性糖含量呈降低趋势,以P4降幅最大(为35.0%和8.3%),硝酸盐含量呈下降趋势,以P2降幅最大(6.9%)。两个试验点油麦菜全氮磷含量均以P4最高,氮磷钾养分形态均分别以蛋白氮、非蛋白磷、非蛋白钾为主。各养分以钾素与油麦菜品质间的关系更为密切,试验点1油麦菜全钾含量与维生素C、氨基酸含量均呈显著正相关,而试验点2油麦菜蛋白钾含量与维生素C含量呈显著负相关。两个试验点油麦菜磷素利用率均以P1最高(8.14%和9.38%),P4次之(4.64%和7.42%)。综合油麦菜各指标效应认为,在本研究区域有效磷(30~60mg/kg)缺乏的石灰性紫色菜园土壤环境条件下,推荐施磷量为180kgP2O5/hm2。

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