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草业学报  2015 

三种牧草对干旱胁迫的生理响应及抗旱性评价

DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2014505, PP. 157-165

Keywords: 干旱,生理反应,渗透调节,抗旱性

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Abstract:

为了解不同牧草对干旱胁迫的响应,筛选抗旱性强的牧草种类,试验选用扁穗牛鞭草、高丹草和拉巴豆为材料,盆栽研究了水分胁迫对牧草生长的影响及其生理反应。结果表明,牧草对干旱的响应因牧草种类和生理指标不同而异。随着旱情加剧,3种牧草的生物量持续降低,最大降幅可比对照降低18.29%(牛鞭草)、31.21%(高丹草)和33.55%(拉巴豆)。但是,轻、中度干旱对牛鞭草和高丹草的根系生长影响较小,根冠比增加。牧草地上部生物量减少有益于降低水分消耗,根冠比增加使相对更多的根系参与水分和养分吸收。干旱导致细胞膜破坏,丙二醛含量提高,胞内物质外渗,电导率增加,叶绿素和根系活力降低,进而抑制牧草生长。在干旱条件下,牧草体内的脯氨酸是对照的1.3~8.1倍,可溶性糖和蛋白质含量显著提高,产生渗透调节。干旱还能诱导激活牧草体内的超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶,促进消除游离氧自由基,减轻干旱危害。采用隶属函数法综合评价牧草的抗旱性表明,扁穗牛鞭草的抗旱性最强,拉巴豆次之,高丹草最差。

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