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草业学报  2015 

高寒草甸草地微斑块植物特征及其土壤性质的研究

DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2015083, PP. 197-205

Keywords: 微斑块,功能群,主成分分析,土壤异质性,鼠洞数量

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Abstract:

植物群落的斑块化与维持是草地对外界干扰的响应,也是植物群落及其生物多样性持续发展的基础。分析了3个不同鼠洞数量梯度下斑块种类、数量、面积的变化和中度鼠洞数下5种主要斑块植物群落的结构及其土壤性质。结果表明,在中度鼠洞数下,斑块的种类和总数量最高;斑块的总面积随鼠害的加重呈增加趋势;从中度到重度梯度上,鹅绒委陵菜、黄帚橐吾和草玉梅斑块的数量和面积都增加,且面积增大剧烈,乳白香青和火绒草等斑块的数量和面积都减小,具有消失的趋势;在重度鼠洞数量下草地微斑块表现为由少数起主导作用的斑块组成,斑块格局变的较为简单。斑块中单一物种生物量的变异性增加是斑块最主要的特征,这种单一物种的大量繁殖影响着斑块中植物的功能群结构和物种的多度,从而通过不同形式对干扰产生缓冲作用。植物群落的斑块化影响着土壤的异质性,对不同斑块土壤性质进行主成分分析,除乳白香青和基质斑块,其余4种斑块土壤都具有较低的全氮、碱解氮、速效磷,且不同斑块间土壤全氮、碱解氮和速效磷的变异系数都较高,可见,土壤全氮、碱解氮和速效磷的含量以及空间异质性在响应植被的演替上较敏感,因此,高寒草甸生态系统中维持全氮和速效养分资源的供应对维持生态系统的稳定具有重要的意义。

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