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草业学报  2015 

马铃薯/燕麦间作对马铃薯光合特性与产量的影响

DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2014349, PP. 65-72

Keywords: 间作,马铃薯,燕麦,光合特性,产量

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Abstract:

在宁夏南部山区,通过田间小区试验,以单作马铃薯为对照,研究了4种马铃薯燕麦间作行数比[2∶2(P2O2)、2∶4(P2O4)、4∶2(P4O2)、4∶4(P4O4)]对马铃薯光合特性与产量的影响。结果表明,开花期,间作马铃薯的叶面积指数(LAI)、比叶重(SLW)显著下降,随着第1茬燕麦的收获,间作马铃薯能获得更多的光照和更广阔的生长空间,良好的通风透光条件使SLW有一定程度的回升;成熟期间作LAI高于单作。整个生育期P4O4处理的LAI和叶绿素总含量(Chla+Chlb)显著高于其他间作处理。在开花期,与单作相比,间作马铃薯叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)显著降低,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)显著提高;成熟期,光合指标的变化趋势与开花期相反。与单作相比,间作马铃薯由于增加了单株块茎重、单株商品薯重,减少了小薯个数,而使产量显著增加,P4O4产量最高。马铃薯/燕麦间作具有一定的间作优势,各间作处理经济产量土地当量比(LER)均大于1,其中P4O2的土地当量比最大,为1.22;其次为P4O4处理。在马铃薯/燕麦间作生产中适当增加马铃薯行数或减少燕麦行数有利于增加间作优势,在生产中宜采用马铃薯与燕麦间作行数比为4∶2、4∶4的间作模式。

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