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草业学报  2015 

苜蓿根瘤菌对不同形态磷利用效率的研究

DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2014322, PP. 60-67

Keywords: 苜蓿根瘤菌,,利用

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Abstract:

为研究酸性土地区耐酸苜蓿根瘤菌对难溶性磷的利用,采用固体培养和液体培养方法在含不同形态磷(酵母膏有机磷、无机可溶性磷、磷酸钙、磷酸铝和磷酸铁),初始pH分别为4.1,7.0和9.0的培养基中进行了苜蓿根瘤菌的培养,观察并测定了不同固体培养基上的菌落形态和大小,液体培养基中根瘤菌的吸光度、培养液中有效磷含量和培养液pH。结果显示,在各pH条件下,无磷对照CK中的根瘤菌生长最差,其固体培养基上的菌落直径显著低于酵母膏有机磷对照(CKYE-P)和无机磷对照(CKP),同时,无磷对照液体培养中根瘤菌吸光度也远低于CKYE-P和CKP,说明在本试验条件下有效磷是影响根瘤菌生长的关键因素。固体培养基上4个不同难溶性磷处理中,植酸磷处理(TPhy-P)菌落直径在各pH条件下皆为最大,磷酸钙处理(TCa-P)次之,而磷酸铝处理(TAl-P)和磷酸铁处理(TFe-P)在各条件下的菌落直径都较小。根瘤菌经液体培养后,TPhy-P和TCa-P的培养液在酸性和中性条件下有效磷含量和根瘤菌吸光度较高,但碱性条件下则较低;TAl-P和TFe-P在各pH条件下的有效磷含量和根瘤菌吸光度皆较低。根瘤菌的接种培养使所有处理的pH下降,其中中性和酸性条件下的TCa-P以及中性条件下的TPhy-P培养液pH变化相对较小。未接种对照中,TPhy-P和TCa-P的有效磷含量在酸性条件下最大,随pH值升高而迅速降低,碱性条件下植酸钙镁几乎不溶;TAl-P和TFe-P在3种pH条件下的有效磷没有明显变化。与未接种对照比,除酸性条件下的TPhy-P和TCa-P外,其他接种处理的有效磷含量皆有不同程度的升高,碱性处理的升高幅度最大。苜蓿根瘤菌能较有效的利用植酸钙镁和磷酸钙中的磷,但在碱性条件下,对二者的利用大幅下降;根瘤菌很难利用磷酸铝和磷酸铁中的磷。培养液pH对植酸钙镁和磷酸钙的有效性影响较大,而对磷酸铝和磷酸铁影响较小。根瘤菌的生长会导致培养液pH的降低,促进难溶性磷中磷的释放,提高有效磷含量,但提高程度随磷形态而异。

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